managementranepaУправленческое консультированиеAdministrative Consulting1726-11391816-8590Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. North-West Institute of Management.10.22394/1726-1139-2022-1-124-138managementranepa-1875Research ArticleОБЩЕСТВО И РЕФОРМЫSOCIETY AND REFORMSСоциальная политика и социальная справедливость в условиях старения населения Систематический обзор публикацийSocial Justice and Social Reform under Condition of Population Aging. Systematic Literature ReviewЗеликоваЮ. А.ZelikovaJu. A.

Зеликова Юлия Александровна, доцент кафедры сравнительных политических исследований факультета международных отношений и политических исследований, кандидат социологических наук 

Санкт-Петербург

Julia A. Zelikova, Assistant Professor of the Department of Comparative Political Studies of the School of International Relations and Political Studies, PhD (Sociology) 

Saint Petersburg

zelikova-ya@ranepa.ruРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (Северо-Западный институт управления РАНХиГС)Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA)20221702202201124138Copyright © Зеликова Ю.А., 20222022Зеликова Ю.А.Zelikova J.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.acjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1875

Данное исследование представляет собой систематический анализ современной дискуссии в ведущих англоязычных журналах о будущем социальной политики в стареющем обществе. Пенсионные системы были реформированы в большинстве европейских стран за последние десятилетия, но существуют типы реформ, которые могут переложить бремя старения населения на другие поколения. Если выгоды и издержки этих реформ по-разному повлияют на восприятие поколениями социальной политики, то пенсионная реформа может быть использована как инструмент для улучшения не только государственных финансов, но и солидарности между поколениями. В данном исследовании изучалась связь между различными типами пенсионных реформ и социальной справедливостью. Одна из основных задач заключалась в том, чтобы понять, могут ли изменения в социальной политике усиливать или смягчать конфликты между поколениями. Результаты показали, что поддержка социальной политики, которая в основном направлена на пожилых людей, снизилась в большинстве европейских стран, хотя абсолютное большинство людей уверены, что государство должно обеспечивать разумный уровень жизни для пожилых людей. Поддержка пожилых людей в большей степени снизилась в странах, которые повысили пенсионный возраст и ввели многоуровневые пенсии. В то же время хорошо работающий договор о благосостоянии поколений — это не только обеспечение благосостояния пожилых людей. Это еще и предпочтения в отношении политики, поддерживающей работающее население и тех, кто еще не достиг трудоспособного возраста. Изменение баланса договора о благосостоянии поколений может обеспечить прочную основу для адекватной пенсионной политики.

This study is a systematic analysis of the current debate in leading English-language journals about the future of social policy in an aging society. Pension systems have been reformed in most European countries in recent decades, but there are types of reforms that can shift the burden of aging to other generations. If the benefits and costs of these reforms affect generations’ perceptions of social policy in different ways, then pension reform can be used as a tool to improve not only public finances, but also intergenerational solidarity. The investigation of the relationship between different types of pension reforms and social justice is one of the tasks of this study. One of the main challenges was to understand whether the changes in social policy could intensify or reduce the conflicts between generations. The results showed that the support for social policy, which is mainly aimed at older people, has declined in most European countries, although the vast majority of people believe that the state should provide a reasonable standard of living for older people. Support for the elderly declined more in the countries that raised the retirement age and introduced multi-pillar pensions. At the same time, a well-functioning intergenerational welfare pact is not only about ensuring the well-being of older people. It is also a preference for policies that support the working population and those under working age. The rebalancing of the intergenerational welfare pact can provide a solid foundation for an adequate pension policy.

cтарение населениясоциальная политикапенсионная реформамежпоколенческий конфликтсоциальная справедливостьaging of populationsocial policypension reformintergeneration conflictsocial justiceИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Фонда развития научных исследований и прикладных разработок СЗИУ РАНХиГС.ReferencesRiekhoff A.-J. Pension reforms, the generational welfare contract and preferences for pro-old welfare policies in Europe // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. P. 501–518.Riekhoff A.-J. Pension reforms, the generational welfare contract and preferences for pro-old welfare policies in Europe // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. P. 501–518.Adascalitei D. From austerity to austerity: The political economy of public pension reforms in Romania and Bulgaria // Social Policy and Administration. 2017. Vol. 51. N 3. P. 464–487.Adascalitei D. From austerity to austerity: The political economy of public pension reforms in Romania and Bulgaria // Social Policy and Administration. 2017. Vol. 51. N 3. P. 464–487.Adascalitei D., Domonkos S. Reforming against all odds: Multi-pillar pension systems in the Czech Republic and Romania // International Social Security Review. 2015. Vol. 68. N 2. P. 85–104.Adascalitei D., Domonkos S. Reforming against all odds: Multi-pillar pension systems in the Czech Republic and Romania // International Social Security Review. 2015. Vol. 68. N 2. P. 85–104.Ahn S.-H., Kim S.-W. Dynamic cleavages of ‘welfare rights and duties’ in public attitude towards old-age pensions: A comparative study // European Societies. 2014. Vol. 16. N 1. P. 90–111.Ahn S.-H., Kim S.-W. Dynamic cleavages of ‘welfare rights and duties’ in public attitude towards old-age pensions: A comparative study // European Societies. 2014. Vol. 16. N 1. P. 90–111.Altiparmakov N. A call for more elaborate and transparent pension data to inform policymaking: A critical examination of World Bank data for Eastern Europe // International Social Security Review. 2015. Vol. 68. N 2. P. 1–25.Altiparmakov N. A call for more elaborate and transparent pension data to inform policymaking: A critical examination of World Bank data for Eastern Europe // International Social Security Review. 2015. Vol. 68. N 2. P. 1–25.Armeanu O. I. The politics of pension reform in Central and Eastern Europe: Political parties, coalitions, and policies. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. 2011.Armeanu O. I. The politics of pension reform in Central and Eastern Europe: Political parties, coalitions, and policies. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. 2011.Attias-Donfut S. A. The Myth of Generational Conflict. The family and state in ageing societies. London, New York : Routledge. 2001.Attias-Donfut S. A. The Myth of Generational Conflict. The family and state in ageing societies. London, New York : Routledge. 2001.Auerbach A. J., Gokhale J., Kotlikoff L. A. Generational accounting: A new approach to understanding the effects of fiscal policy on saving // Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1999, Vol. 94, N 2.Auerbach A. J., Gokhale J., Kotlikoff L. A. Generational accounting: A new approach to understanding the effects of fiscal policy on saving // Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1999, Vol. 94, N 2.Barr N.; Diamond P. A. Reforming pensions: Principles and policy choices. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.Barr N.; Diamond P. A. Reforming pensions: Principles and policy choices. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.Barry B. Justice between Generations // Law Morality and Society: Essays in Honour of H. L. A. Hart. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1977. P. 268–284.Barry B. Justice between Generations // Law Morality and Society: Essays in Honour of H. L. A. Hart. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1977. P. 268–284.Bassanini A., Duval R. The determinants of unemployment across OECD countries: Reassessing the role of policies and institutions (OECD Economic studies, N 42). Paris : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007.Bassanini A., Duval R. The determinants of unemployment across OECD countries: Reassessing the role of policies and institutions (OECD Economic studies, N 42). Paris : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007.Bay A.-H., West-Pedersen A. National pension systems and mass opinion: a case study of confidence, satisfaction and political attitudes in Norway // International Journal of Social Welfare. 2007. N 13. P. 112–123.Bay A.-H., West-Pedersen A. National pension systems and mass opinion: a case study of confidence, satisfaction and political attitudes in Norway // International Journal of Social Welfare. 2007. N 13. P. 112–123.Baute S., Meuleman B., Abs K. Welfare State Attitudes and Support for Social Europe: Spillover or Obstacle? // Journal of Social. Policy. 2019. Vol. 48. N 1. P. 127–145.Baute S., Meuleman B., Abs K. Welfare State Attitudes and Support for Social Europe: Spillover or Obstacle? // Journal of Social. Policy. 2019. Vol. 48. N 1. P. 127–145.Beattie R., McGillivray W. A risky strategy: Reflexions on the World Bank report Averting old age crisis // International Social Security Review. 1995. Vol. 48. N 3–4. P. 5–22.Beattie R., McGillivray W. A risky strategy: Reflexions on the World Bank report Averting old age crisis // International Social Security Review. 1995. Vol. 48. N 3–4. P. 5–22.Béland D., Schlager E. Varieties of policy feedback research: Looking backward, moving forward // Policy Studies Journal. 2019. Vol. 47. N 2. P. 184–205.Béland D., Schlager E. Varieties of policy feedback research: Looking backward, moving forward // Policy Studies Journal. 2019. Vol. 47. N 2. P. 184–205.Birnbaum S., Ferrarini T., Nelson K., Palme J. The generational welfare contract justice, institutions and outcomes. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2017.Birnbaum S., Ferrarini T., Nelson K., Palme J. The generational welfare contract justice, institutions and outcomes. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2017.Boeri T., Boersch-Supan A., Tabellini G. Pension reforms and the opinions of European citizens // American Economic Review. 2002. Vol. 92. N 2. P. 396–401.Boeri T., Boersch-Supan A., Tabellini G. Pension reforms and the opinions of European citizens // American Economic Review. 2002. Vol. 92. N 2. P. 396–401.Bonoli G., Häusermann S. Who wants what from the welfare state? Socio-structural cleavages in distributional politics: Evidence from Swiss referendum votes // European Societies. 2009. Vol. 11. N 2. P. 211–232.Bonoli G., Häusermann S. Who wants what from the welfare state? Socio-structural cleavages in distributional politics: Evidence from Swiss referendum votes // European Societies. 2009. Vol. 11. N 2. P. 211–232.Boyd B. K., Solarino A. M. Ownership of corporations: A review, synthesis, and research agenda // Journal of Management. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 1282–1314.Boyd B. K., Solarino A. M. Ownership of corporations: A review, synthesis, and research agenda // Journal of Management. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 1282–1314.Braun V., Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology // Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006. N 3. P. 77–101.Braun V., Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology // Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006. N 3. P. 77–101.Busemeyer M. R., Goerres A., Weschle S. Attitudes towards redistributive spending in an era of demographic ageing: The rival pressures from age and income in 14 OECD countries // Journal of European Social Policy. 2009. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 195–212.Busemeyer M. R., Goerres A., Weschle S. Attitudes towards redistributive spending in an era of demographic ageing: The rival pressures from age and income in 14 OECD countries // Journal of European Social Policy. 2009. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 195–212.Busemeyer M. R., Garritzmann J. L. Public opinion on policy and budgetary trade-offs in European welfare states: Evidence from a new comparative survey // Journal of European Public Policy. 2017. Vol. 24. N 6. P. 871–889.Busemeyer M. R., Garritzmann J. L. Public opinion on policy and budgetary trade-offs in European welfare states: Evidence from a new comparative survey // Journal of European Public Policy. 2017. Vol. 24. N 6. P. 871–889.Busemeyer M. R., Neimanns E. Conflictive preferences towards social investments and transfers in mature welfare states: The cases of unemployment benefits and childcare provision // Journal of European Social Policy. 2017. Vol. 27. N 3. P. 229–246.Busemeyer M. R., Neimanns E. Conflictive preferences towards social investments and transfers in mature welfare states: The cases of unemployment benefits and childcare provision // Journal of European Social Policy. 2017. Vol. 27. N 3. P. 229–246.Busemeyer M. R., Abrassart A., Nezi R. Beyond positive and negative: New perspectives on feedback effects in public opinion on the welfare state //British Journal of Political Science. 2019. N 1. P. 1–26.Busemeyer M. R., Abrassart A., Nezi R. Beyond positive and negative: New perspectives on feedback effects in public opinion on the welfare state //British Journal of Political Science. 2019. N 1. P. 1–26.Bütler M. The political feasibility of increasing the retirement age: Lessons from a ballot on the female retirement age // International Tax and Public Finance. 2002. Vol. 9. N 4. P. 349–365.Bütler M. The political feasibility of increasing the retirement age: Lessons from a ballot on the female retirement age // International Tax and Public Finance. 2002. Vol. 9. N 4. P. 349–365.Carlborg P., Kindström D., Kowalkowski C. The evolution of service innovation research: A critical review and synthesis // The Service Industries Journal. 2014. Vol. 34. N 5. P. 373–398.Carlborg P., Kindström D., Kowalkowski C. The evolution of service innovation research: A critical review and synthesis // The Service Industries Journal. 2014. Vol. 34. N 5. P. 373–398.Chetty R. et al. The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001–2014 // JAMA. 2016. Vol. 315. N 16. P. 1750–1766.Chetty R. et al. The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001–2014 // JAMA. 2016. Vol. 315. N 16. P. 1750–1766.Drahokoupil J., Domonkos S. Averting the funding-gap crisis: East European pension reforms since 2008 // Global Social Policy. 2012. Vol. 12. N 3.Drahokoupil J., Domonkos S. Averting the funding-gap crisis: East European pension reforms since 2008 // Global Social Policy. 2012. Vol. 12. N 3.Diamond P. A. Taxation, incomplete markets, and social security. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2002.Diamond P. A. Taxation, incomplete markets, and social security. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2002.Ebbinghaus B. The privatization and marketization of pensions in Europe: A double transformation facing the crisis // European Policy Analysis. 2015. Vol. 1. N 1. P. 56–73.Ebbinghaus B. The privatization and marketization of pensions in Europe: A double transformation facing the crisis // European Policy Analysis. 2015. Vol. 1. N 1. P. 56–73.Ebbinghaus B., Naumann E. The legitimacy of public pensions in an ageing Europe: Changing subjective evaluation and policy preferences between 2008 and 2016 // Welfare state legitimacy in times of crisis and austerity: Between continuity and change / eds. T. Laenen, B. Meuleman, W. Van Oorschot. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2020.Ebbinghaus B., Naumann E. The legitimacy of public pensions in an ageing Europe: Changing subjective evaluation and policy preferences between 2008 and 2016 // Welfare state legitimacy in times of crisis and austerity: Between continuity and change / eds. T. Laenen, B. Meuleman, W. Van Oorschot. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2020.Ebbinghaus B. Inequalities and poverty risks in old-age across Europe: The doubleedged income effect of pension systems // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. N 3. P. 440–455.Ebbinghaus B. Inequalities and poverty risks in old-age across Europe: The doubleedged income effect of pension systems // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. N 3. P. 440–455.Emery T. Intergenerational conflict: Evidence from Europe // Population Ageing. 2012. Vol. 5. P. 7–22.Emery T. Intergenerational conflict: Evidence from Europe // Population Ageing. 2012. Vol. 5. P. 7–22.Fernández J. J. Broad reciprocity, elderly poverty, and the retiree/nonretiree cleavage in the demand for public retirement income support // Social Problems. 2013. Vol. 60. N 2. P. 255– 280.Fernández J. J. Broad reciprocity, elderly poverty, and the retiree/nonretiree cleavage in the demand for public retirement income support // Social Problems. 2013. Vol. 60. N 2. P. 255– 280.Fernández J. J., Jaime-Castillo A. M. Positive or negative policy feedbacks? Explaining popular attitudes towards pragmatic pension policy reforms // European Sociological Review. 2013. Vol. 29. N 4. P. 803–815.Fernández J. J., Jaime-Castillo A. M. Positive or negative policy feedbacks? Explaining popular attitudes towards pragmatic pension policy reforms // European Sociological Review. 2013. Vol. 29. N 4. P. 803–815.Forma P., Kangas O. Need, citizenship or merit: Public opinion on pension policy in Australia, Finland and Poland // The end of the welfare state? Responses to state retrenchment / eds. S. Svallfors, P. Taylor-Gooby. London : Routledge, 1999. P. 161–189.Forma P., Kangas O. Need, citizenship or merit: Public opinion on pension policy in Australia, Finland and Poland // The end of the welfare state? Responses to state retrenchment / eds. S. Svallfors, P. Taylor-Gooby. London : Routledge, 1999. P. 161–189.Goerres A., Tepe M. Age-based self-interest, intergenerational solidarity and the welfare state: A comparative analysis of older people’s attitudes towards public childcare in 12 OECD countries // European Journal of Political Research. 2010. Vol. 49. N 6. P. 818–851.Goerres A., Tepe M. Age-based self-interest, intergenerational solidarity and the welfare state: A comparative analysis of older people’s attitudes towards public childcare in 12 OECD countries // European Journal of Political Research. 2010. Vol. 49. N 6. P. 818–851.Grech A. Evaluating the possible impact of pension reforms on elderly poverty in Europe // Social Policy and Administration. 2015. Vol. 49. N 1. P. 68–87.Grech A. Evaluating the possible impact of pension reforms on elderly poverty in Europe // Social Policy and Administration. 2015. Vol. 49. N 1. P. 68–87.Hess M., Naumann E., Steinkopf L. Population ageing, the intergenerational conflict, and active ageing policies — A multilevel study of 27 European countries // Population Ageing. 2017. N 10. P. 11–23.Hess M., Naumann E., Steinkopf L. Population ageing, the intergenerational conflict, and active ageing policies — A multilevel study of 27 European countries // Population Ageing. 2017. N 10. P. 11–23.Hinrichs K. Recent pension reforms in Europe: More challenges, new directions // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. P. 409–422.Hinrichs K. Recent pension reforms in Europe: More challenges, new directions // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. P. 409–422.Jaime-Castillo A. M. Public opinion and the reform of the pension systems in Europe: The influence of solidarity principles // Journal of European Social Policy. 2013. Vol. 23. N 4. P. 390–405.Jaime-Castillo A. M. Public opinion and the reform of the pension systems in Europe: The influence of solidarity principles // Journal of European Social Policy. 2013. Vol. 23. N 4. P. 390–405.Jenson J. Modernising the European Social Paradigm: Social Investments and Social Entrepreneurs // Journal Social Policy. 2017. Vol. 46. N 1. P. 31–47.Jenson J. Modernising the European Social Paradigm: Social Investments and Social Entrepreneurs // Journal Social Policy. 2017. Vol. 46. N 1. P. 31–47.Kuitto K. From social security to social investment? Compensating and social investment welfare policies in a lifecourse perspective // Journal of European Social Policy. 2016. Vol. 26. N 5. P. 442–459.Kuitto K. From social security to social investment? Compensating and social investment welfare policies in a lifecourse perspective // Journal of European Social Policy. 2016. Vol. 26. N 5. P. 442–459.Kuitto K., Helmdag J. Extending working lives: How policies shape retirement and labour market participation of older workers // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. P. 423–439.Kuitto K., Helmdag J. Extending working lives: How policies shape retirement and labour market participation of older workers // Social Policy and Administration. 2021. Vol. 55. P. 423–439.Kuitto K., Madia J., Podesta F. Public Pension Generosity and Old-Age Poverty in OECD countries // Journal of Social Policy. 2021. P. 1–20.Kuitto K., Madia J., Podesta F. Public Pension Generosity and Old-Age Poverty in OECD countries // Journal of Social Policy. 2021. P. 1–20.Litwin H., Achdut L., Youssim I. Who supports delayed retirement? A study of older workers in Israel // Journal of European Social Policy. 2009. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 245–257.Litwin H., Achdut L., Youssim I. Who supports delayed retirement? A study of older workers in Israel // Journal of European Social Policy. 2009. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 245–257.Kohli M. Ageing and Justice // Handbook Ageing and Social Sciences / eds. R. H. Binstock, L. K. George. Academic Press, 2006. P. 457–475.Kohli M. Ageing and Justice // Handbook Ageing and Social Sciences / eds. R. H. Binstock, L. K. George. Academic Press, 2006. P. 457–475.Kühntopf S., Tivig T. Early retirement and mortality in Germany // European Journal of Epidemiology. 2012. Vol. 27. N 2. P. 85–89.Kühntopf S., Tivig T. Early retirement and mortality in Germany // European Journal of Epidemiology. 2012. Vol. 27. N 2. P. 85–89.Lipsey M., Wilson D. Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage, 2001.Lipsey M., Wilson D. Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage, 2001.Lynch J., Myrskylä M. Always the third rail? Pension income and policy preferences in European democracies // Comparative Political Studies. 2009. Vol. 42. N 8. P. 1068–1097.Lynch J., Myrskylä M. Always the third rail? Pension income and policy preferences in European democracies // Comparative Political Studies. 2009. Vol. 42. N 8. P. 1068–1097.Martinsen D. S., Vollaard H. Implementing social Europe in times of crises: Reestablished boundaries of welfare? // West European Politics. 2014. Vol. 37. N 4. P. 677–692.Martinsen D. S., Vollaard H. Implementing social Europe in times of crises: Reestablished boundaries of welfare? // West European Politics. 2014. Vol. 37. N 4. P. 677–692.Miller M. E., Longino C. F., Anderson R. T., James M. K. at al. Functional status, assistance and the risk of a community-based move // The Gerontologist. 1999. Vol. 39. P. 187–200.Miller M. E., Longino C. F., Anderson R. T., James M. K. at al. Functional status, assistance and the risk of a community-based move // The Gerontologist. 1999. Vol. 39. P. 187–200.Natali D., Stamati F. Reassessing South European pensions after the crisis: Evidence from two decades of reforms // South European Society and Politics. 2014. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 3309–3330.Natali D., Stamati F. Reassessing South European pensions after the crisis: Evidence from two decades of reforms // South European Society and Politics. 2014. Vol. 19. N 3. P. 3309–3330.Naczyk M., Domonkos S. The financial crisis and varieties of pension privatization reversals in Eastern Europe // Governance. 2016. Vol. 29. N 2. n. pag.Naczyk M., Domonkos S. The financial crisis and varieties of pension privatization reversals in Eastern Europe // Governance. 2016. Vol. 29. N 2. n. pag.Naumann E. Raising the retirement age: Retrenchment, feedback and attitudes // How welfare states shape the democratic public: Policy feedback, participation, voting and attitudes / eds. S. Kumlin, I. Stadelmann-Steffen. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2014.Naumann E. Raising the retirement age: Retrenchment, feedback and attitudes // How welfare states shape the democratic public: Policy feedback, participation, voting and attitudes / eds. S. Kumlin, I. Stadelmann-Steffen. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2014.Naumann E. Do increasing reform pressures change welfare state attitudes? An experimental study on population ageing, pension reform preferences, political knowledge and ideology // Ageing & Society. 2017. Vol. 37. P. 266–294.Naumann E. Do increasing reform pressures change welfare state attitudes? An experimental study on population ageing, pension reform preferences, political knowledge and ideology // Ageing & Society. 2017. Vol. 37. P. 266–294.Nestić D., Rašić Bakarič I. From work to retirement: Pension system incentives to continued labour market participation in Croatia // New perspectives on a longer working life in Croatia and Slovenia / ed. M. Vehovec. Zagreb : Institute of Economics and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2008.Nestić D., Rašić Bakarič I. From work to retirement: Pension system incentives to continued labour market participation in Croatia // New perspectives on a longer working life in Croatia and Slovenia / ed. M. Vehovec. Zagreb : Institute of Economics and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2008.Pickard S. Age War as the New Class War? Contemporary Representations of Intergenerational Inequity // Journal of Social Policy. 2019. Vol. 48. N 2. P. 369–386.Pickard S. Age War as the New Class War? Contemporary Representations of Intergenerational Inequity // Journal of Social Policy. 2019. Vol. 48. N 2. P. 369–386.Prinzen K. Intergenerational ambivalence: New perspectives on intergenerational relationships in the German welfare state // Ageing & Society, 2014. Vol. 34. P. 428–451.Prinzen K. Intergenerational ambivalence: New perspectives on intergenerational relationships in the German welfare state // Ageing & Society, 2014. Vol. 34. P. 428–451.Prinzen K. Attitudes toward intergenerational redistribution in the welfare state // Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. 2015. Vol. 67. P. 349–370.Prinzen K. Attitudes toward intergenerational redistribution in the welfare state // Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. 2015. Vol. 67. P. 349–370.Rawls J. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2011.Rawls J. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2011.Reeher G. Narratives of justice: Legislators’ beliefs about distributive fairness. Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press, 1996.Reeher G. Narratives of justice: Legislators’ beliefs about distributive fairness. Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press, 1996.Simonovits A. The mandatory private pension pillar in Hungary: An obituary // International Social Security Review. 2011. Vol. 64, N 3.Simonovits A. The mandatory private pension pillar in Hungary: An obituary // International Social Security Review. 2011. Vol. 64, N 3.Svallfors S. The generational contract in Sweden: Age-specific attitudes to age-related policies // Policy & Politics. 2008. Vol. 36. N 3. P. 381–396.Svallfors S. The generational contract in Sweden: Age-specific attitudes to age-related policies // Policy & Politics. 2008. Vol. 36. N 3. P. 381–396.Swift A., Marshall G., Burgoyne C., Routh D. Distributive justice: Does it matter what the people think? // Social justice and political change: Public opinion in capitalist and postcommunist states / eds. J. R. Kluegel, D. S. Mason, B.Wegener. Berlin/New York : Walter de Gruyter, 1995. P. 15–47.Swift A., Marshall G., Burgoyne C., Routh D. Distributive justice: Does it matter what the people think? // Social justice and political change: Public opinion in capitalist and postcommunist states / eds. J. R. Kluegel, D. S. Mason, B.Wegener. Berlin/New York : Walter de Gruyter, 1995. P. 15–47.Szikra D., Tomka B. Social policy in East Central Europe: Major trends in the twentieth century // Post-communist welfare pathways: Theorizing social policy transformations in Central and Eastern Europe / eds. A. Cerami, P. Vanhuysse. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.Szikra D., Tomka B. Social policy in East Central Europe: Major trends in the twentieth century // Post-communist welfare pathways: Theorizing social policy transformations in Central and Eastern Europe / eds. A. Cerami, P. Vanhuysse. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.Tepe M., Vanhuysse P. Are aging OECD welfare states on the path to gerontocracy? Evidence from 18 democracies, 1980–2002 // Journal of Public Policy. 2009. Vol. 29. N 1. P. 1–28.Tepe M., Vanhuysse P. Are aging OECD welfare states on the path to gerontocracy? Evidence from 18 democracies, 1980–2002 // Journal of Public Policy. 2009. Vol. 29. N 1. P. 1–28.Tepe M., Vanhuysse P. Elderly bias, new social risks and social spending: Change and timing in eight programmes across four worlds of welfare, 1980–2003 // Journal of European Social Policy. 2013. Vol. 20. N 3. P. 217–234.Tepe M., Vanhuysse P. Elderly bias, new social risks and social spending: Change and timing in eight programmes across four worlds of welfare, 1980–2003 // Journal of European Social Policy. 2013. Vol. 20. N 3. P. 217–234.Thompson J. Intergenerational Justice: Rights and Responsibilities. Intergenerational Polity. New York : Routledge, 2009.Thompson J. Intergenerational Justice: Rights and Responsibilities. Intergenerational Polity. New York : Routledge, 2009.Tutino A. Rational inattention’ guides overloaded brains, helps economists understand market behavior // Economic Letter. 2011. Vol. 6. N 3.Tutino A. Rational inattention’ guides overloaded brains, helps economists understand market behavior // Economic Letter. 2011. Vol. 6. N 3.Van Groezen B., Kiiver H., Unger B. Explaining Europeans’ preferences for pension provision // European Journal of Political Economy. 2009. Vol. 25. P. 237–246.Van Groezen B., Kiiver H., Unger B. Explaining Europeans’ preferences for pension provision // European Journal of Political Economy. 2009. Vol. 25. P. 237–246.Van Kersbergen K., Hemerijck A. Two Decades of Change in Europe: The Emergence of the Social Investment State // Journal of Social Policy. 2012. Vol. 41. N 3. P. 475–492.Van Kersbergen K., Hemerijck A. Two Decades of Change in Europe: The Emergence of the Social Investment State // Journal of Social Policy. 2012. Vol. 41. N 3. P. 475–492.Van Oorschot W. Making the difference in social Europe: Deservingness perceptions among citizens of European welfare states // Journal of European Social Policy. 2006. Vol. 16. N 1. P. 23–42.Van Oorschot W. Making the difference in social Europe: Deservingness perceptions among citizens of European welfare states // Journal of European Social Policy. 2006. Vol. 16. N 1. P. 23–42.Whiteford P., Whitehouse E. Pension challenges and pension reforms in OECD countries // Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 2005. Vol. 22. N 1. P. 78–94.Whiteford P., Whitehouse E. Pension challenges and pension reforms in OECD countries // Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 2005. Vol. 22. N 1. P. 78–94.Wlezien C., Soroka S. N. Political institutions and the opinion–policy link // West European Politics. 2012. Vol. 35. N 6. P. 1407–1432.Wlezien C., Soroka S. N. Political institutions and the opinion–policy link // West European Politics. 2012. Vol. 35. N 6. P. 1407–1432.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.