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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">managementranepa</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Управленческое консультирование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Administrative Consulting</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1726-1139</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1816-8590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. North-West Institute of Management.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/1726-1139-2022-2-20-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">managementranepa-1888</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИКА И ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLICY AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модели лоббистских практик в морской деятельности США и стран Европы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Models of Lobbying Practices in Maritime Affairs of USA and European Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кугай</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kugay</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кугай Александр Иванович, профессор кафедры государственного и муниципального управления , доктор философских наук, профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander i. Kugay, Professor of the Chair of the State and Municipal Management, Doctor of Science (Philosophy), Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kugay3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыдов Антон Борисович, аспирант кафедры государственного и муниципального управления </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton B. Davydov, Graduate Student of the Chair of State and Municipal Management</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dab_2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (Северо-Западный институт управления РАНХиГС)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кугай А.И., Давыдов А.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кугай А.И., Давыдов А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kugay A.I., Davydov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.acjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1888">https://www.acjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1888</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья основывается на сравнительном анализе наиболее эффективных институционально устоявшихся моделей современных лоббистских практик проведения интересов в сфере морской деятельности в развитых странах Европы и США. Исследование осуществляется по нескольким основаниям: Эквиваленту полной занятости (ЭПЗ) лоббиста, ожидаемым финансовым вложениям организаций в лоббистскую деятельность, оценке прозрачности деятельности лоббистских организаций. На основе выявленной корреляции ЭПЗ и ожидаемых вложений анализ эффективности модели упрощен до оценки величины ее суммарного ЭПЗ описываемых моделей. Особый акцент сделан на анализе лоббизма во взаимодействии с Еврокомиссией. Определено, что особую активность в лоббировании морской деятельности проявляют природоохранные организации и группы влияния, напрямую не связанные с морской деятельностью. При сравнении лоббистской инфраструктуры западных стран в контексте ее эффективности в отстаивании национальных интересов, наблюдается существенное преимущество США перед Евросоюзом. Относительно принятия западных моделей лоббистских практик и распространения институционализации лоббизма на территории Российской Федерации, признается, что для России, ее морской политики, была бы наиболее эффективной американская модель, опирающаяся на единую правовую основу, позволяющая облагаемыми налогами агентам лоббизма согласованно действовать на внутреннем и мировом рынке в интересах частных компаний и национального государства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is based on a comparative analysis of the most effective institutionally established models of modern lobbying practices for pursuing interests in the field of maritime activities in the developed countries of Europe and the United States. The study is carried out on several grounds: the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) of a lobbyist, the expected financial investments of organizations in lobbying activities, an assessment of the transparency of the activities of lobbying organizations. Based on the revealed correlation of FTE and expected investments, the analysis of the model’s efficiency is simplified to an estimate of the value of its total FTE of the described models. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of lobbying in cooperation with the European Commission. It has been determined that environmental organizations and groups of influence that are not directly related to maritime activities are particularly active in lobbying for maritime activities. When comparing the lobbying infrastructure of Western countries in the context of its effectiveness in defending national interests, there is a significant advantage of the United States over the European Union. Regarding the adoption of Western models of lobbying practices and the spread of institutionalization of lobbying on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is recognized that for Russia, its maritime policy, the most effective American model would be, based on a single legal basis, allowing taxed lobbying agents to act in concert on the domestic and global market in the interests of private companies and the nation state.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лоббизм</kwd><kwd>группы интересов</kwd><kwd>морская деятельность</kwd><kwd>морская политика</kwd><kwd>лоббистские практики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lobbying</kwd><kwd>interest groups</kwd><kwd>maritime affairs</kwd><kwd>maritime policy</kwd><kwd>lobbying practices</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириченко Э. В. 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