<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">managementranepa</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Управленческое консультирование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Administrative Consulting</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1726-1139</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1816-8590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. North-West Institute of Management.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/1726-1139-2023-8-41-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">managementranepa-2324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЛАСТЬ И ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER AND ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глобальная экономика: переход от стандартизированной к нестандартизированной модели развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global Economy: Moving from a Standardized to a Non-Standardized Development Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boiko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Викторовна Бойко, профессор кафедры, доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p>кафедра экономики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>email: ivboyko@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Boiko, Professor of the Chair, Doctor of Science (Economy), Professor</p><p>Chair of Economics</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p><p>email: ivboyko@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boyko-iv@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (Северо-Западный институт управления РАНХиГС)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бойко И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойко И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boiko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.acjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2324">https://www.acjournal.ru/jour/article/view/2324</self-uri><abstract><p>   В мировой экономике начался стихийный процесс деглобализации, в основе которой — разрушение глобальной технологической системы, сформировавшейся после Второй мировой войны.</p><p>   Целью данной статьи является обоснование разрушения системы стандартизированной экономики масштабов как причины возникновения наиболее серьезных проблем в мировом экономическом развитии.</p><p>   В данной статье анализируются основные характеристики экономики масштабов и стандартизированного производства, сформировавшейся в послевоенное время. Приводятся аргументы, свидетельствующие о значимости технологий «двойного назначения» в формировании глобальной системы стандартизированного производства и определяется особенная роль Китая в XXI веке в развитии экономики масштабов. Обоснованный в данной статье вывод состоит в том, что процессы начавшегося циклического спада в мировой экономике связаны с исчерпанием возможностей техноэкономической модели стандартизированного производства. Именно эта трансформация, по мнению автора, определяет наиболее конфликтные явления в международных экономических отношениях, такие как торговые войны, разрушение цепей поставок, дезинтеграционные противоречия и многие другие. Приводятся доказательства разрушения стандартизированной экономики масштабов в связи с «разрушением глобальной цепи поставок», повышением затрат на производство и транспортировку продукции, ростом глобальной инфляции. Автор применяет методы эмпирического исследования и теоретического познания. Новизна методологического подхода состоит в обосновании процесса перехода мировой экономики от стандартизированной модели «экономики масштабов» к нестандартизированной модели «экономики возможностей». Автор приводит аргументы, такие, как локализация бизнеса, начавшийся переход к ресурсосберегающему типу развития, растущая потребность в углублении диверсификации производственного процесса в соответствии с территориально-географическими особенностями. Результатом является представление основных характеристик новой экономической системы — экономики возможностей, основанной на нестандартизированных технологиях, позволяющих диверсифицировать производство. Приводятся отличительные черты этой системы, такие, как гетерогенность, диверсифицированность, перманентное технологическое обновление, учет региональных особенностей в процессе кластеризации бизнеса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The world economy has entered a new phase of its development — the destruction of the technological system created after the WWII.</p><p>   The purpose of the article is to argue that the destruction of the standardized economy is the main cause of the most acute problems of the world economy.</p><p>   The common features of standardized production and economy of scale are investigated. The key role of dual use technologies in the development of a global system of standardized production and a special role of the Chinese economy in the development of the economy of scale, which the country played in the 21th century, are described. The author comes to the conclusion that the cyclical downturn of the world economy is caused mainly by the exposition of the techno-economic model of standardized production, which leads to the aggravation of international economic conflicts and contradictions such as trade wars, global supply chain disruption, disintegration and many others. The destruction of the standardized economy of scale is manifested in the increase in the production and transportation costs, the global inflation growth, the global supply chain disruption. In the study the author applies the methods of empirical research and theoretical cognition. Methodological novelty is presented in the argumentation of the global economic transition from a standardized economy of scale to a non-standardized economy of scope. The business localization, the new trend towards resource saving mode in production, the necessary diversification of industrial production consistent with the specifics of the given locality are just a few among others arguments that testify to this transformation. The article highlights preliminary features of economy of scope, based on the non-standardized technologies, such as heterogeneity, diversification of production, continues technological improvement, compliance with a specific regional comparative advantage in business clustering.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>разрушение глобальной экономики</kwd><kwd>экономика масштабов</kwd><kwd>экономика возможностей</kwd><kwd>стандартизированное производство</kwd><kwd>нестандартизированное производство</kwd><kwd>диверсификация</kwd><kwd>деглобализация</kwd><kwd>локализация бизнеса</kwd><kwd>кластеризация бизнес-процессов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>global economic destruction</kwd><kwd>economy of scale</kwd><kwd>economy of scope</kwd><kwd>standardized production</kwd><kwd>non-standardized production</kwd><kwd>deglobalization</kwd><kwd>business localization</kwd><kwd>business clustering</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко И. В. Экономика мирового кризиса : учебник. Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyko I. V. Economics of the world crisis. Textbook. Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2014. (in Rus).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко И. В. Экономика и технологии: прошлое и современность. СПб.: Изд-во СПбГУСЭ, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyko I. V. Economics and technology: the past and modernity. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of SPbGUSE, 2011. (in Rus).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лосев А. Глобальная трансформация и «созидательное разрушение». Деньги. 20. 10. 2022 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5582142 (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Losev A. Global transformation and “creative destruction. Money. 20.10.2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5582142 (in Rus).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мир после пандемии. 12 прогнозов от экономистов, политологов, медиков и дипломатов. 30. 03. 2020. Foreignpolicy [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://e-vid.ru/obschestvo/300320/mir-posle-pandemii-12-prognozov-ot-ekonomistov-politologov-medikov-i-diplomatov (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The world after the pandemic. 12 predictions from economists, political scientists, doctors and diplomats. 30. 03. 2020. Foreign policy. URL: https://e-vid.ru/obschestvo/300320/mir-posle-pandemii-12-prognozov-ot-ekonomistov-politologov-medikov-i-diplomatov (in Rus).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шагеева Г. Р., Галиахметова Р. Р. Влияние санкций против России на мировую экономику // Universum: Экономика и юриспруденция. 2022. № 5. С. 5–7. EDN BIXWTX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shageeva G. R., Galiakhmetova R. R. Impact of sanctions against Russia on the world economy // Universum: Economics and jurisprudence [Universum: Ekonomikaiyurisprudentsiya]. 2022. N 5. P. 5–7. EDN BIXWTX. (in Rus).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandall B. Why Process Standardization Improves Quality, Productivity, and Morale. May 30, 2018 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.process.st/process-standardization/ (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandall B. Why Process Standardization Improves Quality, Productivity, and Morale. May 30, 2018 [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.process.st/process-standardization/ (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobb M. Soviet Economic Development since 1917. London : Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul LTD, 1966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobb M. Soviet Economic Development since 1917. London : Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul LTD, 1966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghost Vanshika. Cobb-Douglas Production Function and Its Properties [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/production-function/cobb-douglas-production-function-and-its-properties/23407 (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghost Vanshika. Cobb-Douglas Production Function and Its Properties [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/production-function/cobb-douglas-production-function-and-its-properties/23407 (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Headbrick D. Technology: A World History. 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Headbrick D. Technology: A World History. 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuznets S. Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections. Lecture to the memory of Alfred Nobel, December 11, 1971 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1971/kuznets/lecture/ (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznets S. Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections. Lecture to the memory of Alfred Nobel, December 11, 1971 [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1971/kuznets/lecture/ (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loi Nguyen Viet. Standardization (globalization) and Customization (localization) in International business // International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies. 2022. N 2 (6). P. 727–736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loi Nguyen Viet. Standardization (globalization) and Customization (localization) in International business // International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies. 2022. N 2 (6). P. 727–736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Rocco Lori Ann. China, ‘factory of the world,’ is losing more of its manufacturing and export dominance, latest data shows. Oct. 20, 2022 // CNBS [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/20/china-factory-of-the-world-is-losing-its-manufacturing-dominance.html (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Rocco Lori Ann. China, ‘factory of the world,’ is losing more of its manufacturing and export dominance, latest data shows. Oct. 20, 2022 // CNBS [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/20/china-factory-of-the-world-is-losing-its-manufacturing-dominance.html (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The localization of global supply chains amid the pandemic. November 2020 // IMD [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/the-localization-of-global-supply-chains-amid-the-pandemic/ (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The localization of global supply chains amid the pandemic. November 2020 // IMD [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/the-localization-of-global-supply-chains-amid-the-pandemic/ (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richter F. U. S. Car Industry Most Reliant on Chinese Parts Feb.21, 2020 // Statista [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.statista.com/chart/20913/chinese-exports-of-motor-vehicle-parts-and-accessories (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richter F. U. S. Car Industry Most Reliant on Chinese Parts Feb.21, 2020 // Statista [Electronic source] URL: https://www.statista.com/chart/20913/chinese-exports-of-motor-vehicle-parts-and-accessories (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schumpeter J. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy: Third Ed. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, Paperback, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schumpeter J. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy: Third Ed. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, Paperback, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smil Vaclav. Creating the Twentieth Century. Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact. Oxford University Press, 2005. Preface.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smil Vaclav. Creating the Twentieth Century. Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact. Oxford University Press, 2005. Preface.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vermenych Yaroslava. Globalization vs Localization: the Dialectics of Interactionin the Modern World. November 2021 DOI: 10.15407/mzu2021.30.207 Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuk i znahìdki.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vermenych Yaroslava. Globalization vs Localization: the Dialectics of Interactionin the Modern World. November 2021 DOI: 10.15407/mzu2021.30.207 Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuk i znahìdki.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitasek K. Creative Destruction: Why It Matters And How To Implement It. Forbes. May, 2022 [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevitasek/2022/05/26/creative-destruction-why-it-matters-and-how-to-implement-it/?sh=5d03cdca6e3d (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitasek K. Creative Destruction: Why It Matters And How To Implement It. Forbes. May, 2022 [Electronic source] URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevitasek/2022/05/26/creative-destruction-why-it-matters-and-how-to-implement-it/?sh=5d03cdca6e3d (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uetz A. M., Kalyvas J. R., Miller V. L., Wegrzyn K. E. Global Supply Chain Disruption and Future Strategies 29. 09. 2020 // Foley [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2020/09/global-supply-chain-disruption-future-strategies (дата обращения: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uetz A. M., Kalyvas J. R., Miller V. L., Wegrzyn K. E. Global Supply Chain Disruption and Future Strategies 29. 09. 2020 // Foley [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2020/09/global-supply-chain-disruption-future-strategies (accessed: 20. 05. 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
