Измерение политического доверия в условиях современной демократии

Обзорное систематическое исследование работ по проблеме измерения политического доверия, опубликованных в таких авторитетных научных журналах, как «European Political Science Review», «British Journal of Politics and International Relations», «Parliamentary Affairs», «Journal of Public Policy», «Political Science Quarterly», «Perspectives on Politics» и «International Journal of Public Opinion Research», демонстрирует в условиях современной демократии значительное внимание ученых к проблеме политического доверия и преследует своей целью развитие методологической базы для ее исследования. Методика обзора по проблеме измерения политического доверия основана на сравнительном анализе результатов научных исследований в области оценки политического доверия. Среди основных задач статьи: обобщение научных подходов к политическому доверию, характеристика методов его измерения, а также интерпретация результатов измерений политического доверия в условиях современной демократии и кризиса доверия. В задачи исследования входит выявление концептуальных научных работ западных ученых за период 2011–2021 гг., которые позволяют проследить модернизацию представлений об объекте политического доверия, характеризуют применяемые в современной социально-политической науке методы измерения уровня политического доверия, выявляют различия в формировании морального и стратегического доверия. Отличия политического доверия в моральном плане, где доверительные отношения складываются на основе опыта и личного взаимодействия субъектов, и доверия в стратегическом плане, где формируются политическая культура и определенные ожидания того, что политические лидеры будут принимать правильные, рациональные решения, основаны на фундаментальных представлениях о политическом порядке, где постоянные изменения формируют личные и институциональные связи. Измерение политического доверия, которое является основой взаимодействия граждан и государства, имеет принципиальное значение для характеристики качества демократии, а правовое государство невозможно без высокого уровня политического доверия.

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