Environmental Radicalism in Public Organizations of the FRG at the Present Stage
https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-1-115-123
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of public environmental organizations in Germany. The largest of them are “NABU” and “BUND”, which have existed for a long time. They operate at a high scientific level throughout the country, from mass events and environmental education to study of global environmental problems and the development of ways to solve them. Particular attention is paid to radical environmental organizations such as “Robin Wood”, “Earth First!”, “Earth Liberation Front”and” Animal Liberation Front”. Their activities are concentrated locally, and their methods of solving environmental problems are harder. As a rule, eco-radical protests are aimed at attracting public attention and encouraging the ruling authorities to take measures to change the environmental situation in a particular region. The attitude of the population to such methods of struggle is ambiguous, but no one is indifferent. Despite the peak of activity of these organizations has passed, this does not prevent them from existing, conducting educational activities and attracting new supporters to their ranks, since some of their initiatives remain relevant to this day.
About the Authors
I. S. BerezinaRussian Federation
Irina S. Berezina, Lecture of Department of History and Regional Studies
Saint Petersburg
I. A. Tsverianashvili
Russian Federation
Ivan A. Tsverianashvili, Senior Lecturer of Department of History and Regional Studies
Saint Petersburg
D. V. Shutman
Russian Federation
Denis V. Shutman, PhD in Political Science, Dean of the Faculty of Humanities
Saint Petersburg
References
1. Agafonov V. Radicalism in ecology. Is this justified? // Humanitarian Environmental Magazine [Gumanitarnyi ekologicheskii zhurnal]. V. 6. N 2. 2004. P. 97–101 (in Rus).
2. Volkov А. Environmentalists under the black flag // Knowledge is power [Znanie — sila]. 2015. N 4. P. 4–12.
3. Gudaev T. H. Environmental policy and environmental movement in the modern world // Young Scientist [Molodoi uchenyi]. 2014. N 20 (79). P. 81–83 (in Rus).
4. Matveeva E. V. Institutionalization of environmental movements in Europe: from the emergence of non-governmental organizations to political parties // Tomsk State University Journal [Vestnik Tomskogo gos. universiteta]. 2016. N 413. P. 129–137 (in Rus).
5. Rashkoff D. Earth First! // Private correspondent [Chastnyi correspondent]. 2010 [Electronic source] URL: http://www.chaskor.ru/article/earth_first_ustupite_dorogu_zemle_19025 (accessed 15 May 2021) (in Rus).
6. Semenas S. Deep ecology: a brief introduction to theory and practice // Educator. 2009. N 3. P. 26–30 (in Rus).
7. Taylor B. The Religion and Politics of Earth First! // Humanitarian Environmental Magazine [Gumanitarnyi ekologicheskii zhurnal]. 2008. V. 10. N 4 (31). P. 33–42 (in Rus).
8. Fomichev S. R. Extreme green // The Third Way [Tretii put’]. 1995. N 8. P. 36–41 (in Rus).
9. Best S., Nocella A. J. Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? // Lantern Books. 2004. P. 24–26.
10. Bevington D. Earth First! Radical environmental group // Encyclopedia Britannica [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Earth-First (accessed 15 May 2021).
Review
For citations:
Berezina I.S., Tsverianashvili I.A., Shutman D.V. Environmental Radicalism in Public Organizations of the FRG at the Present Stage. Administrative Consulting. 2022;(1):115-123. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-1-115-123