Countering Extremist Ideology and Media Security of the State

National security in the media sphere is becoming a multifaceted task related to the implementation of Russia’s cultural sovereignty in the context of digital transformation. Strategic planning for the development of the national media space involves domestic political and diplomatic decisions of a conceptual nature that can ensure the unity of the international information space while countering threats: (1) propaganda of violent extremism, (2) popularization of destructive ideology, (3) reduction of cultural capital level of the party in power and opposition. Operational plans for ensuring media security quite often follow the logic of situational response to threats posed by enemies and implement protective measures in relation to the media space at the national level. In methodological terms, the media security of the state is characterized by systemic practices of ensuring information security (in formal legal analysis), and analysis of threats to cognitive and noospheric security (in the natural science study of communication processes). The research methodology involves the use of the method of participant observation inherent in noxology to classify threats emanating from the mass media. Among the main objectives of the article: analysis of modern Russian political and legal documents aimed at ensuring media security and countering extremism, characterizing the Russian policy of securitization of social problems in the media sphere, delimiting legal political struggle from criminal (extremist and destructive) practices of political communication. The objectives of the study include the analysis of foreign experience in ensuring national media security in the context of digitalization and the growing threat of violent extremism. The logic of competition in the digital cultural space practically excludes the use of secrecy, censorship and forcing the audience to watch propaganda in the process of ensuring media security. Public relations in the media sphere involves the choice of media content by the audience of the global information space, which means that the protection of national spiritual and moral values is implemented in the liberal paradigm and demands open dialogue between the party in power and the opposition on topical issues of national security.

1. Agutin A. V., Goshulyak V. V., Sintsov G. V. Strategy of national security of the Russian Federation and ideology of the Russian criminal proceedings // All-Russian criminological magazine. 2017. Vol. 11. N 4. P. 817–823. DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2017.11(4).817-823 (in Rus.).

2. Alekseev G. V., Argylov N. A., Baychik A. V., Bastrykin A. I., etc. Global index of extremism. St. Petersburg, 2023 (in Rus.).

3. Al-Imad F. M., Malakhovka A. K. Trends of management of creativity in media // Person. Society. Community. 2020. N 4. P. 36–39 (in Rus.).

4. Buzgalin A. V. People in the world of alienation: to criticism of liberalism and conservatism. Reaktualization of Marxist heritage // Philosophy Questions. 2018. N 6. P. 155–166. DOI: 10.7868/S0042874418060134 (in Rus).

5. Varlamova N. V. Basic unity of the right and human rights // Works of Institute of the state and right of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2018. Vol. 13. N 4. P. 83–124 (in Rus.).

6. Vasilyev Yu. S., Kefeli I. F., Kolbanyov M. O. A role of critical technologies in ensuring global safety // News of the Russian academy of rocket and artillery sciences. 2019. N 2 (107). P. 34–41 (in Rus.).

7. Galyashina E. I. The concept of information (world outlook) security in Internet media in aspect of rechevedchesky examinations // Bulletin of the University of O. E. Kutafin (MGYuA). 2020. N 6 (70). P. 33–43. DOI: 10.17803/2311-5998.2020.70.6.033-043 (in Rus).

8. Heinrich N. V. A subject of criminal law in the context of theoretical problems of right understanding // Magazine of Russian law. 2010. N 9 (165). P. 58a–69 (in Rus.).

9. Izluchenko T. V. Extremism research methodology in a modern scientific discourse // Humanitarian vector [Gumanitarnyi vektor]. 2020. Vol. 15. N 4. P. 105–113. DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-202015-4-105-113 (in Rus).

10. Izluchenko T. V. Structurally functional features of religious extremist activity: between hierarchy and a setevization // Logos et Praxis. 2022. Vol. 21. N 2. P. 33–42. DOI: 10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2022.2.4 (in Rus).

11. Kefeli I. F. Asfatronika: on the way to the theory of global safety. SPb., 2020 (in Rus.).

12. Kirilenko V. P., Alekseev G. V. Extremists: criminals and victims of radical violence // All-Russian criminological magazine. 2019. Vol. 13. N 4. P. 612–628. DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(4).612628 (in Rus).

13. Kirilenko V. P., Alekseev G. V., Muyzinik N. V. Trust to opposition in the conditions of electronic democracy: legal and political aspects // Power. 2022. Vol. 30. N 3. P. 85–96. DOI: 10.31171/vlast.v30i3.9050 (in Rus).

14. Kirilenko V. P., Shamakhov V. A., Alekseev G. V. Freedom of speech and media safety. SPb., 2019 (in Rus.).

15. Kolesnikova O. I., Laut N. A. Mediabezopasnost of children’s reading: design activity in an Internet environment of library // Russian Journal of Library Science. 2022. Vol. 71. N 4. P. 363–373. DOI: 10.25281/0869-608X-2022-71-4-363-373 (in Rus.).

16. Marochkina S. S., Kruglova M. S., Kruglova L. E. Media safety of audience of media in modern information space // Safety issues. 2023. N 1. P. 42–50. DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2023.1.39836 (in Rus.).

17. Mezyanaya K. N., Korenevsky K. M., Yashin K. D., Lik S. K. et al. The analysis of computer dependence and nature of dreams at students // Psychiatry, psychotherapy and clinical psychology. 2016. N 1 (23). P. 57–64 (in Rus.).

18. Mozzhilin S. I., Ustyantsev V. B. Ideals of culture and civilization code of Russia // Philosophy Questions. 2021. N 2. P. 198–202. DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2021-2-198-202 (in Rus).

19. Nersesyants V. S. “An image of the enemy” — a self-portrait of society // Platon. 2014. N 4. P. 51–52 (in Rus.).

20. Nersesyants V. S. Kant and Socrates: concept of morals // Historical psychology and sociology of history. 2015. Vol. 8. N 1. P. 198–216 (in Rus.).

21. Nikishin V. D. Reputation safety and media safety of the companies and projects in the context of sustainable development goals and the ESG principles // Current problems of Russian law. 2022. Vol. 17. N 9 (142). P. 73–82. DOI: 10.17803/1994-1471.2022.142.9.073-082 (in Rus.).

22. Nikonov S. B. Genesis of transformation of videocracy in a noopolitka // Power. 2014. N 7. P. 39–42 (in Rus.).

23. Ovchinnikov A. I. National security and traditional spiritual and moral values: questions of legislative providing // Messenger law department of Southern Federal University. 2022. Vol. 9. N 1. P. 35–42. DOI: 10.18522/2313-6138-2022-9-1-4 (in Rus).

24. Polyakov A. V. Libertarian right understanding and communicative approach // News of higher educational institutions. Jurisprudence. 2014. N 3 (314). P. 6–16 (in Rus.).

25. Slobozhnikova V. S. Social and political reference points of religious community of modern Russia in the context of ensuring national security // News of the Irkutsk state university. Ser.: Political science. Religious studies. 2022. Vol. 40. P. 29–40. DOI: 10.26516/20733380.2022.40.29 (in Rus).

26. Cheshev V. V. Technical progress in a cultural and historical context // Philosophy Questions. 2017. N 12. P. 64–78 (in Rus.).

27. Ahmed Khan R. А., Umbreen F., Ahmad N. ul B. Media Representation of Islam and Muslims as a Security Threat. // Annals of Human and Social Sciences. 2022. Vol. 3. N 2. P. 255–263. DOI: 10.35484/ahss.2022(3-II)24.

28. Al-Emad F. M. Media security in achieving national security // StudNet. 2020. Vol. 3. N 12. P. 1620–1635. DOI: 10.24411/2658-4964-2020-10316.

29. Bubandt N. Vernacular Security: The Politics of Feeling Safe in Global, National and Local Worlds // Security Dialogue 2005. Vol. 36, Iss. 3. P. 275–296.

30. Buzan B., Wæver O. Slippery? contradictory? sociologically untenable? The Copenhagen school replies. // Review of International Studies 1997. Vol. 23. Is. 2. P. 241–250. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210597002416.

31. Chetty N., Alathur S. Hate speech review in the context of online social networks // Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2018. Vol. 40. P. 108–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2018.05.003.

32. Downing J. Memeing and Speaking Vernacular Security on Social Media: YouTube and Twitter Resistance to an ISIS Islamist Terror Threat to Marseille, France // Journal of Global Security Studies 2021. Vol. 6. Is. 2. DOI: 10.1093/jogss/ogz081.

33. Downing J. Social Media and Vernacular Security in the Digital Age // Critical Security Studies in the Digital Age. New Security Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/9783-031-20734-1_5.

34. Jarvis L. Toward a Vernacular Security Studies: Origins, Interlocutors, Contributions, and Challenges // In te rnational Studies Review. 2019. Vol. 21. Is. 1. P. 107–126, DOI: 10.1093/isr/viy017.

35. Lusk A. Moving Beyond the CNN Effect or Stuck in the Middle? How Relational Sociology Remaps Media and Security Studies // International Studies Review. 2019. Vol. 21. Is. 1. P. 1–11. DOI: 10.1093/isr/viy003

36. O’Loughlin B., Gillespie M. Dissenting Citizenship? Young People and Political Participation in the Media-security Nexus // Parliamentary Affairs 2012. Vol. 65, Iss. 1. P. 115–137. DOI: 10.1093/pa/gsr055.

37. Popper K. R. The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945). Princeton, 2013.

38. Richards J. Extremism, Radicalization and Security: An Identity Theory Approach. Palgrave Macmillan Cham, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55203-3.

39. Roggeveen S. New Media and Australia’s National Security Debate // Security Challenges. 2015. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 21–28.

40. Shapley D. The Media and National Security // Daedalus. 1982. Vol. 111. N 4. Print Culture and Video Culture. P. 199–209.

41. Szelenyi I. Weber’s theory of domination and post-communist capitalisms // Theory and Society. 2016. Vol. 45. P. 1–24. DOI: 10.1007/s11186-015-9263-6.

42. Tagliapietra A. Media and Securitisation: The Influence on Perception // IAI Papers. 2021. N 21/34. 16 p.

43. Taylor B. C. Imitation (In)Security: Cultivating Mimetic Theory to Critique the Media/Security Nexus // Communication Theory. 2017. Vol. 27. Is. 1. P. 48–69. DOI: 10.1111/comt.12104.

44. Thompson R. Radicalization and the Use of Social Media // Journal of Strategic Security. 2011. Vol. 4. N 4. P. 167–190. DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.8.