Trends in the Development of Self-Employment in Russia
https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-12-18-31
Abstract
The purpose of the publication is to identify the main features and trends in the number and composition of the self-employed as a labor resources group in the Russian labor market. The article formulates the problems of accounting for the self-employed in the Russian Federation (the existence of various methods of accounting for the number, which leads to significant differences in the values of indicators; the lack of detailed information about the qualitative composition of the self-employed, which complicates the possibility of analyzing their position in the labor market and developing recommendations for their support). Trends in the number of self-employed in the Russian Federation as a whole and in individual districts are revealed. Based on the sociological research conducted by the authors, the characteristics of the qualitative composition of the self-employed as a group of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region labor resources are given. The main risks for persons conducting entrepreneurial activities within the framework of self-employment are formulated. The main problems that impede or limit the opportunities for successful professional activity of the self-employed are identified. Based on the conducted research, brief recommendations are given to support the self-employed as a group of labor resources.
About the Authors
O. N. MiskoRussian Federation
Oleg N. Misko, Head of the Department of Economics of North-West Institute of Management, Doctor of Science (Economics)
Saint Petersburg
I. V. Tsygankova
Russian Federation
Inga V. Tsygankova, Professor of the Department of Economics, Doctor of Science (Economics), Professor
Saint Petersburg
References
1. Abramova E.A. Self-employment as a tool to reduce unemployment during a crisis // Economics and business: theory and practice [Ekonomika i biznes: teoriya i praktika]. 2020. N 11–1 (69). P. 9–12. DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2020-10853 (In Rus).
2. Velikaya N. M. Precarization of youth labor as a factor in the formation of the “self-employed” group // Science. Culture. Society [Nauka. Kul’tura. Obshchestvo]. 2022. Vol. 28. 2. P. 6–21 (In Rus).
3. Dobrycheva I. V. Precarization and flexibilization of employment (on example of the Kemerovo region) // Labor economy [Ekonomika truda]. 2019. Vol. 6. N 2. P. 873–882. DOI: 10.18334/et.6.2.40502 (In Rus).
4. Dudina O. M., Golovanova D. V. Social portrait of young Russian freelancers // Creative economy [Kreativnaya ekonomika]. 2018. Vol. 12. N 9. P. 1441–1456. DOI: 10.18334/ce.12.9.39393 (In Rus).
5. Zabelina О. V., Mirzabalayeva F. I. Freelancing as a new flexible form of self-employment in the Russian labor market // Labor economy [Ekonomika truda]. 2020. Vol. 7. N 4. P. 307–320. DOI: 10.18334/et.7.4.100869 (In Rus).
6. Results of a selective labor force survey, 2021. M. : Federal State Statistics Service [Electronic source]. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/compendium/document/13265 (accessed: 07.06.2022) (In Rus).
7. Kashina М. А., Utkina М. Y. Social entrepreneurship as a business “suitable” for women // Administrative consulting [Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie]. 2015. N 8. P. 128–134 (In Rus).
8. Kostrova Y.B., Shibarshina О. Y. Analysis of approaches to regulating self-employment of the population: Russian and international experience // Labor economy [Ekonomika truda]. 2018. Vol. 5. N 4. P. 1137–1146. DOI: 10.18334/et.5.4.39523 (In Rus).
9. Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2021: Stat. Rev. / Rosstat. М., 2021. 692 p. (In Rus).
10. Information on the number of self-employed citizens who have officially fixed their status and apply the special tax regime “Tax on professional income” [Electronic source]. URL: https://sznpd.ru/statistika-samozanyatosti-na-nachalo-2022/; URL: https://sznpd.ru/statistika-samozanyatosti-na-nachalo-2021/ (accessed: 17.07.2022) (In Rus).
11. Tagarov B. J. Factors for the development of the freelance market in the information economy // Creative economy [Kreativnaya ekonomika]. 2018. Vol. 12. N 10. P. 1703–1714. DOI: 10.18334/ce.12.10.39450 (In Rus).
12. Toshchenko Zh. T. A new phenomenon in the social structure of society — the precariat // Bulletin of Tyumen State University [Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta]. 2015. N 3 (3) P. 34–41 (In Rus).
13. Ustinova K.А. State support for the self-employed: an inside look // Labor economy [Ekonomika truda]. 2021. Vol. 8. N 12. P. 1393–1414. DOI: 10.18334/et.8.12.114080 (In Rus).
14. Ustinova K.А., Baimurzina G.R. Tendency to individual entrepreneurship and self-employment: the role of socio-economic factors // Economics, entrepreneurship and law [Ekonomika, predprinimatel’stvo i pravo]. 2021. Vol. 11. N 9. P. 2225–2242. DOI: 10.18334/epp.11.9.113481 (In Rus).
15. Hishauyeva J. T. The state of the labor market in Kazakhstan and the development of selfemployment of the population // Economy of Central Asia [Ekonomika Tsentral’noi Azii]. 2020. Vol. 4. N 2. P. 101–112. DOI: 10.18334/asia.4.2.110284 (In Rus).
16. Checkmarev O.P., Luckichev P. M., Konev P. A. Self-employed in Russia: legalization, development trends and impact on the labor market // Labor economy [Ekonomika truda]. 2022. Vol. 9. N 2. P. 233–248. DOI: 10.18334/et.9.2.114222 (In Rus).
17. Shibarshina О. Y. Comparative analysis of self-employment regulation in Russia and abroad // Labor economy [Ekonomika truda]. 2021. Vol. 8. N 10. P. 1223–1236. DOI: 10.18334/et.8.10.113583 (In Rus).
18. El-Sibai N. M., Ganebnykh E. V. Moms-entrepreneurs: the reasons for female self-employment and hidden potential // Economics, entrepreneurship and law [Ekonomika, predprinimatel’stvo i pravo]. 2019. Vol. 9. N 4. P. 541–556. DOI: 10.18334/epp.9.4.41487 (In Rus).
19. Bogan V., Fertig A., Just D. Self-employment and mental health // Review of Economics of the Household. 2022. N 20 (3). DOI: 10.1007/s11150-021-09578-3.
20. Bogott N., Rippler S., Woischwill B. Im Startup die Welt gestalten: wie Job in der Gründerszene funktionieren. Deutschland: SpringerGabel. 2017. 258 p.
21. Dang A. Wie selbstbestimmte Arbeit in Zukunft aussehen könnte // Der Standart. 2022 [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000134030844/wie-selbstbestimmte-arbeit-in-zukunft-aussehen-koennte (accessed: 24.06.2022).
22. Daniel E., Owen R. Home-based Self-Employment: Combining Personal, Household and Employment Influences // Journal of Enterprising Culture. 2022. N 5. DOI: 10.1142/S0218495822500054.
23. Fonger P. Überleben im Homeoffice. 2021. 139 p.
24. Perulli A. A critique of self-employment // European Labour Law Journal. 2022. N 4. DOI: 10.1177/20319525221088604.
25. Price V., Reuschke D. Performance and Innovation in Women-Owned Home-based Businesses: Exploring the Gender-Location Link / Conference: ISBE 2019 Space — Exploring New Frontiers and Entrepreneurial Places. At: Newcastle, United Kingdom. 2019 [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337889500_Performance_and_Innovation_in_WomenOwned_Home-Based_Businesses_Exploring_the_Gender-Location_Link (accessed: 09.07.2022).
26. Richter F. Homeoffice mit Familie: Wie Sie sich selbst, Arbeit und Familie so organisieren, dass (fast) nichts zu kurz kommt. Deutschland: Beck. 2021. 94 p.
27. Sanchez-Cañizares S., Cabeza J., Garcia F., Cano M. Are effective the subsidies policies for self-employment? / Conferenze: 1st Conferenze in Business Research and Management: Emerging issues after COVID-19 time, 2022. Toledo, Spain [Electronic source]. URL: // https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360932215_ARE_EFFECTIVE_THE_SUBSIDIES_POLICIES_FOR_SELF-EMPLOYMENT (accessed: 07.06.2022).
28. Schmid C. Kunst und Wissenschaft reflektieren selbststӓndige Arbeit // HSG Focus. Das Magazin der Universitӓt St. Gallen [Electronic source]. URL: https://www.hsgfocus.ch/hsg-focus-4-2016/artikel/kunst-und-wissenschaft-reflektieren-selbstandige-arbeit (accessed: 29.06.2022).
Review
For citations:
Misko O.N., Tsygankova I.V. Trends in the Development of Self-Employment in Russia. Administrative Consulting. 2022;(12):18-31. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-12-18-31