From the History of the State Leadership of the Higher School in Russia (Problems of Status, Qualifications, Financial Situation of Teachers)

Abstract

In order to recognize the special status of representatives of the profession, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin declared 2023 the Year of the Teacher and mentor. The deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation O. N. Smolin called the problem of the status of a teacher systemic, that is, affecting all elements and stages of the education system and requiring solutions at the level of state power. The state of modern higher education is assessed by the pedagogical and scientific community as a crisis, and the problems of the status of professor and teacher are noted as the most acute and “hot”. The study of public administration of higher education in solving the problems of ensuring the status, qualifications and material position of teachers is necessary both from a scientific and from a socio-practical point of view.

The article draws attention to the pre-revolutionary period in the history of Russia, when the system of higher education was formed with its characteristic features in legislative, substantive and other aspects of ensuring the status of a teacher, which significantly differs in higher educational institutions of various departmental affiliation. In the first decade of Soviet power, the development of higher education led to significant negative changes in the position and status of the applicant. In the 30s and 40s, the educational policy of the state led to the creation of an education system that received worldwide recognition. The state management of the higher school as one of the most important tasks considered the solution of the problem of professional development, social and financial situation of the teacher. The image of science, higher education, and the “scientific class” not only changed in the mass consciousness, but was also specially shaped by both society and the state. It is possible to create an effective and competitive higher school that meets the national interests of the country only with the support of proven traditions and undoubted universally recognized achievements.