The purpose of the article is to reflect the features of the ongoing migration crisis in Europe, its impact on the legal and institutional foundations of the European Union, the relations of the EU countries, the prospects for European unity. It is obvious that the causes of the migration crisis have changed little in recent years.

   Despite a certain stabilization of the situation in the Middle East, especially, in Syria, many millions of Arabs, Afghans, Africans still intend to move to what they consider to be a prosperous Europe. Millions of Ukrainian citizens have recently been added to them. At the same time, in the context of the ongoing crisis of the neoliberal model of globalization in the context of the rivalry of the great Powers, the migration challenge has acquired unprecedented acuteness and significance of an existential threat to European security. In 2022, European countries and supranational institutions of the EU signed their inability to adequately respond to the new aggravation of the migration crisis, which seems to have acquired a permanent, stable, and extremely destructive character. All attempts to curb illegal migration flows have proved futile and have created new problems, including in the relations of the EU member States. This is especially convincingly evidenced by the experience of Italy, which enjoys increased attention from migrants and refugees. Largely due to the aggravation of the problem under consideration in September 2022, the center-right coalition won the parliamentary elections in this country. The new government headed by Giorgia Meloni, faced with the migration crisis, is in search of optimal mechanisms for its settlement. Relying less and less on supranational institutions, it seeks to pursue a nationally oriented policy, without regard to Brussels. In the humanitarian activities of the institutions of the “global society” in the person of the NGOs, the Italian authorities note exclusively malicious, selfish, even criminal motives and defiantly refuse to cooperate with them. All this confirms the failure of the EU migration policy and testifies to the intensification of the erosion of European solidarity in the sensitive security sphere for the EU. On this basis, there is a clash of many interests, both “European solidarity” and the ability of the EU supranational structures to fend off new challenges to European security without violating the agreements reached on fundamental human rights are being tested.

The article is devoted to the study of environmental agenda in the Russian political field on the example of the analysis of the election programs of Russian political parties. The study analyzes the factors and features of the inclusion of the environmental issues in the political programs of Russian political parties. The main environmental problems raised by political parties and the dynamics of its considering were highlighted, and the specific of their discursive representation were analyzed. The study revealed the following features of the appeal of political actors to environmental issues: techno-utopianism as an unconditional belief in “green technologies” that does not imply major institutional changes; eco-populism, manifested in the connection of environmental problems with more popular social issues; ritualization as a formal mention of the “green” agenda, which does not receive careful consideration. Special attention was paid to the (un)formation of the climate agenda in Russia, which showed the limitations of the global process influence on the Russian political agenda. The study was carried out on the basis of a qualitative methodology.

   The world economy has entered a new phase of its development — the destruction of the technological system created after the WWII.

   The purpose of the article is to argue that the destruction of the standardized economy is the main cause of the most acute problems of the world economy.

   The common features of standardized production and economy of scale are investigated. The key role of dual use technologies in the development of a global system of standardized production and a special role of the Chinese economy in the development of the economy of scale, which the country played in the 21th century, are described. The author comes to the conclusion that the cyclical downturn of the world economy is caused mainly by the exposition of the techno-economic model of standardized production, which leads to the aggravation of international economic conflicts and contradictions such as trade wars, global supply chain disruption, disintegration and many others. The destruction of the standardized economy of scale is manifested in the increase in the production and transportation costs, the global inflation growth, the global supply chain disruption. In the study the author applies the methods of empirical research and theoretical cognition. Methodological novelty is presented in the argumentation of the global economic transition from a standardized economy of scale to a non-standardized economy of scope. The business localization, the new trend towards resource saving mode in production, the necessary diversification of industrial production consistent with the specifics of the given locality are just a few among others arguments that testify to this transformation. The article highlights preliminary features of economy of scope, based on the non-standardized technologies, such as heterogeneity, diversification of production, continues technological improvement, compliance with a specific regional comparative advantage in business clustering.

   The article identifies the main directions of changes in the social and labour sphere under the influence of green economy development (creation of green jobs, transformation of traditional jobs; changes in the organisation of labour and social status of workers who work in green jobs). The author formulated the main characteristics of a green workplace: compliance with the concept of decent work; organisation of labour, which assumes the absence of environmentally harmful materials in the workplace, resource saving, use of modern harmless and environmentally friendly technologies of production and service provision, favourable socio-psychological climate in the team, use of modern forms of employment, which allow preserving health and efficiency of personnel, rational work and rest regimes. The characteristics of the required competencies of employees (professional, personal, managerial), who work in an organisation making the transition to a green economy, are given. The factors that have a positive impact are identified (increase of job security provided that the workplace conforms to the concept of decent work; improvement of sanitary and hygienic and psychophysiological working conditions; increase of the level of wages and living standards of employees provided that the workplace conforms to the concept of decent work) and factors of negative impact on social status of workers in the conditions of transformation of workplaces towards green economy. Recommendations on the regulation of the green labour market are formulated.

   By examining the current positions of Russian mining companies in the field of sustainable development, the authors set a goal to identify trends in the implementation of the ESG agenda of mining companies in Russia.

   To achieve it, information on emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases was systematized and summarized, as well as the most ambitious companies in the implementation of the agenda and with the most successful experience in implementing ESG were identified. The study used a wide range of materials: scientific articles, statistics and reports published by mining companies. Based on the results of the work done, it was concluded that Russian mining companies follow the tasks set for them to implement the ESG agenda, despite the complexity of geopolitics.

   The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the role and significance of the reform of the customs system is associated with the introduction of “divided control”, which implies the existence of two forms of it — documentary and actual control. This led to the emergence of electronic customs, electronic declaration centers, customs and customs posts of actual control, as well as the dispatching process. In this regard, the emergence of the process of dispatching customs declarations is of particular interest, because it is necessary to take into account that at the moment the Federal Customs Service of Russia carries out its activities on the basis of the Development Strategy of the Federal Customs Service of Russia until 2030. This fundamental document in the activities of the Federal Customs Service of Russia states: «The strategic goal of the development of the Federal Customs Service of Russia is the formation by 2030 of a qualitatively new, saturated “artificial intelligence», quickly reconfigurable, informationally connected with partners, “smart”, invisible to law-abiding business and effective for the state.”

   The purpose of the study is to analyze the current processes related to the dispatching of DT, identify emerging problems and develop recommendations for their elimination.

   Objectives of the study: to assess innovations in the field of customs declaration and customs operations; to identify the key advantages and problems of the introduction of dispatching customs declarations; to propose ways to solve the effectiveness and improvement of customs declaration of goods, taking into account the implemented mechanisms of dispatching customs declarations. Research methods: general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, modeling, as well as historical, systematic and statistical methods. The key problems of dispatching customs declarations are: the large volume of customs inspections carried out on registered declarations, the inability to distribute customs declarations by low-risk organizations, not in all cases the correct distribution of customs declarations between electronic declaration centers, the problem of time difference. Promising solutions to these problems are: the introduction of a synchronized schedule of work of electronic declaration centers and customs posts of actual control, the introduction of electronic document management in interaction between them, the processing of dispatching algorithms for DT, increasing the functionality of dispatching.

   The 20^th Party Congress report proposed to improve the grid-based management, refinement of services, information technology to support the grassroots governance platform, and improve the urban and rural community governance system [1, p. 24]. Grass-roots social governance is the basis of the entire national governance system, which concerns the vital interests of millions of people. At present, the government concentrates funds and material resources on infrastructure construction, and while the hardware environment at the grassroots level is improving, the construction of soft power is seriously lagging behind, and residents’ awareness of participation and public spirit are seriously lacking, so grassroots governance needs to be transformed. The basic function of social credit system is to form incentives and constraints for various subjects with the help of credit evaluation mechanism, so as to realize effective social governance. The establishment of social credit system can not only create an environment to serve social governance, but also provide important support for the modernization of social governance system and national governance capacity. Thus, under the strategic choice of building a comprehensive social credit system, combining an effective social credit system with grassroots social governance is an inevitable choice for China’s future development. Meanwhile, along with the accelerated development of digitization in China, the digitization of social credit system construction has become a powerful boost to promote credit governance. The digital transformation of social credit system can fully activate the path of credit information formation and collection in the traditional social credit system, optimize the operation mechanism and application scenario of credit evaluation mechanism, and thus maximize the functional utility of credit-enabled grassroots social governance. Based on this, this paper attempts to take the many challenges faced by grassroots governance as a logical starting point, take the “moral bank” in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province as a case study, trace how the construction of social credit system empowers grassroots social governance in the context of digitalization, explore the operation mechanism and practical effects of it, and extract corresponding insights.

   The article deals with criticism by the great Russian philosopher S. N. Bulgakov’s ideas of scientific socialism in his major work “Philosophy of Economics”. Attention is drawn to the fact that Bulgakov’s philosophical basis for this criticism is an indication of the primacy of the theme of justice in a socialist society, which is rationalized in the theory of scientific socialism. Bulgakov shows that in the very history of Marxism, the focus on justice predetermines the desire to build a theory of scientific socialism. Another topic discussed by the philosopher in the framework of his criticism of the idea of scientific socialism is the illegitimacy of Marxism’s assertion about the existence of laws of a natural historical type, in accordance with which the development of society as a whole takes place and which are considered in Marxism as the basis for the possibility of scientific substantiation of the inevitable onset of a future just society. . According to Bulgakov, the scientific nature of social policy is determined by relying not on such laws, but on statistical generalizations, a kind of empirical patterns that express the development trends of certain aspects of social life in specific conditions and in a specific historical period. Another subject of Bulgakov’s criticism is the desire to talk about the development of society as a whole. Scientific research, in his opinion, should be specific and deal with specific aspects of public life. The whole cannot be the subject of scientific research. The article draws attention to the similarity of Bulgakov’s views to the views of K. Popper, set forth by him a quarter of a century after the Russian philosopher in his work “The Poverty of Historicism”. Popper criticizes historicism, by which he understands the concept of the natural development of society as a whole, which inevitably turns into utopianism. Attempts to talk about society as a whole and try to transform it as a whole, he defines as holism, which he contrasts with “partial engineering”. The author of the article notes that the views of these two thinkers, which reveal an undoubted similarity, deserve to be presented in modern discussions about the possibility of social prediction.

   The historical perspective deals with the comparative study of social values and cultural dimensions as a direction of social sciences, and demonstrates the results of empirical research on the values of young people in Russia and Europe. In their study, the authors relied on the approach of the Russian-American sociologist P. A. Sorokin in defining the mentality of contemporary youth. In characterising the mentalities, Pitirim Sorokin highlighted the main parameters of mentality diagnosis, which were integrated and adapted by the authors into the research toolkit.

   The aim of the study was to identify the values of student youth on the basis of a comparativist approach.

   Based on the results of the study, the authors, continuing Pitirim Sorokin’s theory of the fluctuation of mentalities, characterize the modern mentality of young people according to the criteria highlighted by the classic sociologist. In organizing the study, the authors drew on the findings of past and ontemporary sociologists on the onset of the transition from the dominance of one mentality in Western culture to new models of perception and attitudes in society; this position formed the basis of one of the hypotheses of the study. Based on the results of the processing of the collected data, it was possible to identify the basic components of the values of contemporary European and Russian youth, which include equally material and “spiritual” priorities, whereas separately such values dominate in the vast minority.

   The export and consumption of mass culture products through social networks is practically uncontrollable through globalization. The Republic of Korea, which has made a bet on its creative industries, has achieved noticeable success in this area. The number of fans of the Korean wave (Hallyu) is growing all over the world, in Russia too. K-pop, the musical component of Hallyu, is the most interesting because most of its fans are young people. This actualizes the question about consequences of the k-pop passion on the individual and societal levels.

   The purpose of the study: to analyze the causes and consequences of Russians’ passion for k-pop, in particular, the BTS creativity.

   The theoretical basis is the theory of the cultural industry by M. Horkheimer — T. Adorno and the theory of social media by M. McLuhan — G. Jenkins. The online fandom BTS — ARMY is seen as an informal social institution of mass culture.

   Empirical base. Online survey of Russian BTS fans (N=2483), 13 personal fan essays, 5 focus groups with people of different ages who are not fans but know them well. results.

    Results. The passion for k-pop, in particular BTS, is a form of response to the challenges of modern society, in particular, the growth of loneliness, competition, the devaluation of moral values and the crisis of family relations. Positive effects are associated with the personal development of fans, broadening their horizons, increasing self-confidence and tolerance, the emergence of new forms of leisure and hobbies. Participation in a fandom creates a sense of group identity and solidarity, and social networks allow the development of a “culture of participation”. Negative effects are manifested in the idealization of South Korea, its people and culture, the desire to remain in the “beautiful fairy tale” created by the South Korean cultural industries. As a result, groups of female fans are self-isolating. Considering an idol, far from Russian realities, as a normative model of a man, leads to difficulties in building partnerships between female fans with the opposite sex. Non-aggressive behavior of ARMY forms a generally tolerant attitude towards them. K-pop fandom is perceived as a childhood disease that will eventually go away without much treatment. According to opinion of focus group participants, it does not pose a threat to national security and the national identity of the inhabitants of Russia. directions for further research are related to a more detailed analysis of the mechanisms of BTS psychological support for their fans, a comparison of the socio-demographic composition and main types of activity of Russian fans of male and female K-pop groups, an assessment of the meaning of the “complicity culture”, which BTS fans create, for their personal development.

   In Russian cities, many large industrial enterprises, due to the liquidation of many industries, become ownerless and collapsing objects. For example, the industrial zone of St. Petersburg occupies one-third of the urban area so its current state has depressive effect on the urban environment. This article considers the actual problem of careful conversion and preservation of industrial heritage. The authors pay special attention to the revitalization of industrial facilities as a model for the development of a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the preservation of cultural identity, the values of the industrial era, as well as the organization of new public spaces and the creation of conditions for the development of cultural dialogue. The empirical basis of the study was the results of a research of industrial facilities in St. Petersburg. The article defines revitalization, considers examples of its application, and identifies the main trends in the development of industrial territories. The result of such activity is the transformation of industrial heritage into comfortable centers of attraction for people. All this allows us to talk about the relevance of the proposed revitalization model.

   The article analyzes the most important details and factors of the victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk, which became a key battle during the Great Patriotic War. As a source base, the authors actively use various data not only from Russian, but also from German historiography, including memoiristics. Some observations and conclusions are very relevant in connection with modern international relations.