Much has been written about leadership in the system of government; however, not enough attention has been paid to the unique role of the head of the municipal administration (HMA). This article argues that the complexity of the HMA’s position stems from the fact that the incumbent must operate in three different directions simultaneously: downward (by issuing orders to subordinates), outward (working with citizen groups, the media and other governments), and upward (working with mayor and council). Leadership in each of these areas requires a different set of skills, so an effective HMA must be able to play in different registers. 1. The difficulty with the HMA situation is that there is not the same training ground for developing those skills that exists for running an organization. Chief executive officers typically find that they need to acquire and develop these skills once they become chief executive. 2. The position of the HMA is unique because it is located in the neck, located at the center and narrowest point of the hourglass of the municipal government organization. Often, the HMA, as a technical specialist, is forced to take responsibility and play a leadership role in relation to the political leadership on any issue. As a result, this person is both a leader and a manager, bearing, akin to the biblical Job, the burden of responsibility for the state of affairs in the municipality entrusted to him. However, to whom much is given, much is asked, and not for words, but for deeds, since responsibility for their implementation is the price that the HMA pays for power.

The purpose of the article is to describe the psychological characteristics of the network crowd and their use to disseminate the ideology of political extremism, as well as to propose recommendations on countering these technologies. Opening the resources of foreign social networks for its citizens, Russia has become a hostage to unspoken rules. The problem with stopping the wave of extremist content demonstrates a serious threat to ensuring information sovereignty and emphasizes the relevance and significance of studying this problem. The methods of interdisciplinary theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and conceptualization of the scientific ideas of the use of the psychological effects of the crowd in the network space, the content of the analysis of the posts of participants in telegram channels during protest actions were used. The article develops an author’s approach to understanding the phenomenon of the network crowd as a specific hybrid that has arisen on the basis of social networks, embodying elements of an organized nucleus and spontaneous periphery. The idea of the mechanism of control of an organized network crowd as a function from the composition of the content to create emotional resonance, the activities of groups that disperse information on social networks and infection leaders, involving participants in social networks with their emotional response, is justified. Conclusions are drawn about the conditions under which the network crowd turns into a threat. Recommendations are proposed to counteract the indication of participants in social networks by the ideology of extremism.

The political and economic results of 2023 are a further increase in the uncertainty and multivariability of world development. At the same time, in 2023, the impossibility of returning to the “brave old world” became obvious. The obstacle to this was not Russia or China, but the entire objectively established set of international relations, including in the economic sphere. The authors deliberately do not touch upon the problems of SVO, as they proceed from the fact that this is not the reason, but the result of accumulated contradictions of a global scale.

The article is devoted to the problems of ideas of the subjects of modern society about the long-term prospects for the development of their life path (the so-called “life trajectories”). Particular attention is paid to methods for formalizing such representations based on the approximation of life trajectories using curves from the family of beta distribution density functions. The parameters of the beta-density function can be used as the basis for the formal typification of subjects within society. Their changes can be used as indicators of structural changes in society. First of all, in terms of shifts in ideas about the «ideal» (reference) configurations of the life path. In part, these conclusions can be incorporated into procedures for identifying generations.

The Russian economy today faces serious problems due to external sanctions, which are aimed at weakening it in every possible way. This leads to the emergence of new and aggravation of existing problems in the field of ensuring the economic security of enterprises. Activities to manage the processes of protecting the economic interests of enterprises in these conditions need to be intensified. The functioning of the enterprise’s internal control system plays a significant role in this. Purpose of the study: to analyze the functioning of the enterprise’s internal control system in the context of solving the problems of ensuring its economic security. Research methods: analysis of the dynamics of risks and threats to the economic security of enterprises, functional analysis, methods of structural and comparative analysis, the study is based on the ideas of integrating enterprise management, which implies the integration of its various subsystems, in particular, internal control systems and ensuring economic security. The article substantiates the need to introduce and develop internal control at an enterprise and examines the importance of the internal control system as a factor in increasing the economic security of an enterprise. The main objectives of the economic security of an enterprise in this context are identified as: timely identification and prevention of adverse events in the activities of the enterprise; ensuring compliance with current legislation; asset protection; control of the reliability of the reporting provided; carrying out analysis of the processes of economic activity of the enterprise. These tasks correlate with the tasks of the enterprise’s internal control system.

In an era of rapid change and the introduction of new technologies, effective personnel management is becoming a key element in the successful development of business structures, and innovative technologies are becoming an integral part in strategic personnel management, optimizing current management processes and creating adaptive, high-performance and innovation-oriented teams. They help companies not only attract, develop and retain talent, but also create innovative corporate cultures capable of continuous growth and transformation. The purpose of researching innovative technologies in strategic personnel management is related to identifying the potential of innovative technologies to improve business processes, increase efficiency, create a favorable environment for employees and ways of their optimal implementation to achieve strategic goals in business structures. The article proposes an interpretation of the concept of “innovative technologies in strategic personnel management”. The methods of finding work for unemployed citizens in the Kyrgyz Republic for the period 2012–2021 are analyzed. Innovative technologies in strategic personnel management are considered, such as business process automation, artificial intelligence, cloud HR platforms, learning management systems, gamification and virtual reality, communication platforms that open up new prospects for creating progressive and flexible work environments. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing innovative technologies in strategic personnel management in the conditions of innovative development of business structures are highlighted. It is noted that the choice of innovative technologies should be based on the resources available in the business structure and the basic tasks of the strategic personnel management system. A combination of technologies is recommended that collectively increase the effectiveness of the strategic personnel management system in innovative development.

The article outlines the main theoretical and methodological positions on the formation and implementation of regional economic policy in relation to technological innovations. It is based on contextual typological analysis using economic and mathematical modeling, where the key role is played by the hybrid principal component method and scaling technology. Official statistics data are used as information and analytical support. The concept of network rating for spatial economic systems is introduced and the analysis of regional systems is carried out. A convenient visualization system for analyzing and making management decisions based on statistical information is proposed.

With the beginning of the special military operation (SMO), a new type of foreign trade policy is forming, based on restrictions. History shows that the practice of restrictions on trade operations is not new. The article compares Russia’s trade policy measures introduced during the First World War of 2014–2018 and the SMO, which began in 2022. The goal is to identify tools that are not currently used. Restrictions on exports and imports, measures to stimulate imports, and measures to build new trade routes are considered. Even before the start of the SMO, from the moment of political aggravation, Russia limited the export of wood and fertilizers, which contradicted the Protocol on Accession to the WTO and the refusal of quantitative restrictions. Unfriendly countries that applied preventive sanctions against Russia, with the beginning of the SMO, denied Russia most favored nation treatment. As during the First World War, grains, flour and sugar were among the food products subject to government export restrictions. Both periods were characterized by measures to stimulate imports in an effort to provide industry with raw materials and equipment. Import restriction measures in the first period applied to luxury goods, in the second they took the form of sanctions against unfriendly countries. The war period was characterized by growing interest in the northern sea routes. Compared with World War I, modern export restriction policies were more varied in terms of product coverage, but lacked the specific details by export directions that were developed a century ago. Many of the modern measures allow exemptions only in relation to EAEU countries. In our opinion, exemptions from restrictions on the export of humanitarian goods could be made for the developing countries which are most in need of grain or fertilizers.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the sustainability of the social, economic and environmental development of countries and regions. Differences in the structure of the economy of the subjects of Russia and the rate of spread of infection give rise to an assumption about the spatial unevenness of the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this work is to determine the degree of impact of COVID-19 on various types of regional economies, taking into account industry specifics. The article presents the theoretical base of the study based on foreign and domestic sources, considers the spread of coronavirus infection in the regions of the Russian Federation using the indicator “total number of cases of COVID-19 (per 1000 people)”, the dynamics of the unemployment rate at working age in the regions of Russia in 2018–2021, the dynamics of economic growth in the regions of the Russian Federation and the dynamics of the growth rate of GRP by sectors of the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, specialization of the regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the study, the regions of the Russian Federation were ranked according to the degree of influence of COVID-19 on their economic sphere: a) regions whose specialization is determined by natural and geographical factors (with the exception of tourism) experienced the least impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; b) regions whose economies are highly differentiated, large industrial and financial enterprises are located on their territory, the economic sphere of this group of regions has experienced a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but recovery has been rapid; c) regions in whose economy a number of pandemic risk factors have been concentrated; d) economic outsider regions in the Russian Federation. The conducted research complements the cycle of works in the field of the impact of epidemics on the economy of regions and countries. The results obtained can be used to develop and implement a risk management policy to mitigate the consequences of anti-epidemic measures in the regions of the Russian Federation.

Relevance. The problems of sustainable development of rural areas are extremely relevant nowadays, especially in the context of deepening localization and the increasing role of territorial and natural resources. research objective. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological aspects of sustainable development of territories, encompassing rural areas with small urban settlements, based on the ecosystem approach to form a unified multi-level strategy for the development thereof. Method and data. The paper substantiates an application of the ecosystem approach to the development of rural areas in increasing the efficiency of rural businesses, budgetary spending through prioritization of state support recipients, stimulating sustainable development of enterprises and the industry, and increasing the consistency of regional economic policy. The conceptual foundations of this approach are presented, and an algorithm to select participants in a rural ecosystem is proposed. results. The proposed approach allows operationalizing self-organization processes in an ecosystem, ensuring a balance of interaction processes of its participants. The research results have contributed to solving the problem of territorial socio-economic ecosystem formation by proposing an algorithm to select target indicators for achieving sustainable development goals, taking into account the specifics and development trends of territories. Conclusions. The conclusions arising from the conducted research provide scientists, government bodies with the necessary information for a better understanding of practical mechanisms to provide balanced territorial development, ensure the move from fragmentary unsystematic measures of state support to effective differentiated and targeted regional policy of rural areas.

The article discusses current issues related to the development of the institution of an authorized economic operator (hereinafter — AEO) in Russia. The study is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory framework, and also analyzes the current state of affairs. the purpose of the article is to identify problems that require discussion and deeper research in order to improve the regulation of the AEO institution; formulating conceptual proposals for its development and involving in this institute companies that really need simplifications when carrying out customs operations for conducting foreign trade activities. This study is based on the methodological approaches of domestic scientists to the problems of development of economic institutions. When conducting the study, the method of comparative analysis of legislation regulating the AEO institution was used; An analysis of scientific literature and existing data from open AEO Registers was carried out. Methods of scientific knowledge, system analysis (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis), graphic and statistical methods, systems approach were used; methods of monographic, statistical and comparative analysis, generalization and interviews were used. results and scientific novelty of the study. The work focuses on the study of the terms underlying the AEO institution. According to the author, the term should more accurately reflect the purpose and essence of its creation. The legal regulation of the AEO institution requires a new rethinking, with prospects for the development of the institution, as laid down in the standards of the World Customs Organization, from the understanding of AEOs as national companies that have a number of simplifications when performing customs operations, to the understanding of AEOs as organizations — links in the supply chain of products between AEOs of other countries, provided they all meet trade and safety standards. A set of proposals for the development of the AEO Institute has been formed. Conclusions. The proposals concern clarification of terminology and proposals for improving the regulatory framework, in particular the development of simplifications. The federal customs services of the EAEU countries may use the provisions of this article when developing legal regulation for the development of the AEO institution. The degree of elaboration varies from a conceptual idea to the proposal of specific amendments to articles of laws.

The concept of attitude towards objects of immovable cultural heritage, formed more than a century ago, is relevant today, based on the premises that these material objects form an objective value in the perception and understanding of any individual, any society, any civilization. The purpose of the article is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the problems that form the understanding of the value of cultural heritage, preservation and careful treatment of it in the modes of restoration activities and restoration work. Achieving the goal can be the solution of a number of problems regarding the proper state protection of objects of immovable cultural heritage and the necessary assistance from the state, public institutions and international organizations, as well as taking into account the assigned status of the object in the matter of rescue, restoration and gentle scientific restoration. Currently existing directions and developments in a comprehensive assessment of architectural monuments of the past, observation methods, active comparative studies, and statistical measurements are considered as methodological and instrumental approaches to solving emerging problems. The results obtained by the authors included a study of the complex interaction and isolated influence on the category of value of such significant features-factors as evaluation criteria such as cultural and collective memory, historical reputation in their meaning for the self-identification of society and in the development of strategies in the field of preservation of cultural heritage objects and their use in the exploitation of the recreational potential of the destination by the tourism business. Examples from domestic restoration and construction practice and Western European experience, used to minimize the negative consequences of the increasing anthropogenic load on the territory, are discussed. At the end of the material, prospects for further research are indicated and the necessary conclusions are drawn.

The article discusses the development of the infrastructure of regional systems of secondary vocational education, as well as the territorial accessibility of professional educational organizations (VET) for young people. As part of the study, the authors consider compliance with state guarantees for the implementation of the right of young people to vocational education in terms of providing budgetary places in educational organizations of the open-ended educational system and places in hostels, as well as the permissible value of the specific gravity of the number of buildings of state public educational institutions adapted for training people with disabilities and disabled people. The basis for the study was the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 13, 2019 N 207-r and the Development Strategy for the system of training workers and the formation of applied qualifications in the Russian Federation for the period until 2030. As a result of the study, the authors identified regions at risk for the availability of secondary vocational education. Calculations were carried out taking into account the demographic forecast and migration of young people. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

The article examines the problems of the functioning of the real estate market of this country on the basis of official data of the Statistical Bureau, the Civil and Housing Codes of the Republic of Korea. The paper considers the features of state regulation of ownership of real estate. The calculation of the level of urbanization and the coefficient of specialization according to the level of development of the real estate market of the regions of the Republic of Korea is carried out. The indicators characterizing the availability of real estate are presented, as well as the rating of regions by the level of development of the real estate market. The main problems include: the high cost of real estate, the low percentage of the population owning real estate, large regional differences in the level of development of the real estate market, identified regions where the purchase or rental of real estate is disproportionate to the income received. The article includes author’s maps illustrating the results of the study.

This article consists of discourse analysis and application of digital technologies in public diplomacy. The phenomenon of territory branding, its connection with public diplomacy in international relations, and how this practice was implemented by the largest German-speaking countries: the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Austria and the Swiss Confederation are explored. Methodologically, scientific literature, mass media and materials of government organizations are used to analyze how certain subjects can use branding technologies. In conclusion, it is concluded that, although digital branding cannot solve problems by itself, it undoubtedly has an impact on interaction with foreign users, to a greater or lesser extent within the framework of public diplomacy.