Geographical conditions create hard constraints for management practices. Geography is physical — a difficult frame to overcome for any management decisions. However, economic and especially political geography is significantly more dynamic, geographical conditions, constant and variable, require their consideration in management. Borderline position can be a great boon, and three decades has been just that. Today, the border or frontier situation is a serious burden, military risks and additional costs. All this belongs to the category of external calls for the national management system. 

The article presents the results of an analysis of methodological support for the preparation of strategies for the socio-economic development of municipalities. At the beginning of 2024, methodological recommendations have been developed in 24 regions of the Russian Federation. They were compared in terms of the degree of consistency with strategic documents at the federal and regional levels, the presence of common development principles, the need to involve stakeholders in the planning process and the organization of public hearings. Despite the variety of approaches to the structure, content, and emphasis on certain organizational aspects, it can be said that methodological support for the process of strategic planning of municipalities by regional levels of government is for the most part of a formal nature, ignoring real resource opportunities and problems their constituent territories.

To cope with growing exogenous threats to the economy and its ongoing transformation Russia needs a new understanding of its spatial economic development. In 2019 the Russian government adopted the Strategy for Spatial Economic Development until 2025, which should further be developed according to the Presidential Decree, announced in May, 2024.While refocusing the main economic goal on achieving and maintaining national technological sovereignty, Russia also needs to reconsider its spatial development strategy. This means that Russian regions must actively participate in the implementation of the main national strategic goal and develop their own technology policy, complementing each other and further strengthening the common economic and political space in Russia. The purpose of the article is to develop the basic methodological principles of Russian spatial development to achieve the main goals of national technological sovereignty. The research methodology includes: holistic, systemic approach, logistical analysis, the interaction between simple and complicated forms, deduction and induction. A critical analysis of modern methodological ideas on the issue is presented. The author proposes the following methodological principles, namely: the principle of full implementation of the peculiarities of each region, its special “regional advantage”; the principle of convergence, which means reducing gap in socio-economic development between regions, implying the implementation of regional technology policy; the principle of “common in different” — suggesting the introduction of a new model of interregional division of labor, stimulating centripetal movement between Russian regions; the principle of division of competence between central and regional government, especially in the field of technological and economic development. The author explains, that the diversity of the regional technological trajectories as the precondition for the national economic diversification represents a crucial condition for strengthening the interregional economic cooperation and strengthening of national economic system in general. The article concludes with a statement on the need to integrate the Strategy for Spatial Development and the Research&Development Strategy in the Russian Federation, which enables to understand the critical significance of the technological essence of the regional economic development from the one side and the critical significance of the spatial dimension of the national technological development from the other side.

The study covers an analysis of Rosstat’s methodology and data on Russia’s “shadow economy”. We explore potential shortcomings in the interpretation of three groups of indicators: adjustments for economic operations not observed by direct methods; unrecorded wage payments; employment in the informal sector and unregistered/undocumented employment. The economy unobserved by direct statistical methods and unregulated covers a significant part of the country’s economic life. The official statistical calculations of the American system of national accounts during the Great Depression reflect the need for adequate, complete, and harmonized estimates of shadow activities. Using archival data and microdata from Rosstat surveys, we show that discrepancies in revisions (vintages) of official estimates can lead to significant divergences, reaching tens of percentage points of GDP. The adjustments to gross value added used by Rosstat, without a synchronous analysis of national accounts, do not meet the goals of comparability and harmonization. Estimates of unrecorded wage payments are extremely limited in terms of explanatory and prognostic value. Finally, the estimates of informal employment proposed by the statistical agency virtually fully correspond to estimates of employment in the informal sector. The latter, in turn, do not reflect the nature of the shadow employment economy, as they rely on the production criterion. As we believe, the less popular in the literature estimates of undocumented employment and/or unregistered self-employment are more suitable for assessing the dynamics and structure of shadow practices in Russian employment. The use of such estimates is complicated by the closed nature of labor force survey materials. Thus, Rosstat holds non-public estimates of the number of employees whose employers evade taxes and contributions, as well as data on the number of self-employed individuals engaged in unregistered entrepreneurial activities, but does not publish this information. We emphasize the need to develop a unified approach to enhance the harmonization and comparability of both national and international statistics.

The study addresses various aspects of the transition to sustainable and environmentally sound energy sources, as well as the implementation of inclusiveness and equity in this process..

Aim. Identify the main conflicts that arise between countries in the process of designing measures for the transition to low- and carbon-free energy systems, and to identify opportunities and ways of realizing a fair energy transition, taking into account the interests of all actors in international relations and contributing to ensuring both global energy security and the security of each individual country.

Methods. To solve the problems posed in the study, the author resorts to the use of such methods as statistical analysis, system and comparative analysis, scientific generalization and expert assessments.

Results. There is a lack of a common position among the importing and exporting countries of hydrocarbons on the role and place of fossil fuels in the implementation of energy transition. Resource-dependent countries see energy transition as a way to ensure their energy security and equate it with economic growth and development. At the same time oil, gas, and coal exporters risk losing markets and a significant portion of their revenues by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy, that poses a threat both the economic development of the state and its ability to fulfil its functions in ensuring a decent standard of living for the population.

Conclusions. A fair transition should be based on the principle of equitable, inclusive and fair international cooperation, tdking into account the national characteristics of countries, “technological neutrality”, it is necessary to pay attention to the social aspect of energy transition.

The cultural sphere is closely connected with the transformations taking place in the society; it is not only their consequence, but also the motivating cause. Today, more than ever, it is important to take this feature into account when developing and implementing state policy. State management and regulation of the economy should be based on value guidelines set by the cultural environment. This should be reflected in a set of measures envisaged by the system of strategic planning of socio-economic development at both the national and regional levels of government. Issues of cultural development require reflection in the main document of strategic planning of the region — the strategy of socio-economic development of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The structure of regional strategies is not strictly regulated. This document is formed taking into account local specifics and reflects the existing problems of economic and social development. When developing regional strategies, it is important to  include a section devoted to the development of the cultural sphere as a factor influencing the development of other components of the regional economy.

Well-being, including family well-being, is an important category both from the point of view of social policy goals and from the position of social work practice. In the conditions of serious transformations in the sphere of marriage and family and increasing social problems related to the functioning of this social institution, diversity of family situations and complication of relations between the family and the state, the issues related to family and child assistance are actualized, and, therefore, the issues of conceptualization of the notions of “well-being family”, “family disadvantage”, criteria for their definition, tools for identification both within the legal field and the practice of work with families and children.

Purpose and methods. In the article on the basis of the analysis of normative documents of federal and regional levels (n = 14) and materials of the author’s research by the method of semi-formalized interview with specialists of the family assistance system in Nizhny Novgorod region (n = 7) the concepts of family well-being and dysfunction are defined.

Results and conclusions. The uncertainty of the situation in which specialists work is emphasized. The concept of “well-being” in the conceptual space of the legal field is understood as a unity of functional and structural criteria, which, given the changes in the institution of the family, is increasingly rare. On the other hand, the term “dysfunctional” family is disclosed through the prism of a number of concepts identified on the basis of either objective criteria or situations that are not yet clearly describable. In these circumstances, professionals act intuitively, based on their experience and perception of the situation. “Disadvantage” is reduced to extreme and obvious forms, and the focus of work shifts to social protection institutions, when the choice of family and specialists is already limited. At the same time, informants emphasize the importance of not so much structural and objective criteria as the nature of relationships in the family, for the definition of which the practice of social work has not yet developed clear criteria, which limits the possibilities of primary/secondary prevention. 

Aims. The increasing complexity of the tasks of public administration in the context of intertwining internal and external transformational processes in various fields, the growing global problems of our time necessitates reliance on socio-political institutions embodying positive forms of civic engagement and solidarity. Volunteering can be understood in this capacity. The purpose of the study is to determine the key parameters of the interpretation of this institution in the political discourse of Russia by referring to the discourse of the head of state and the parties represented in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The study was based on materials from the official websites of the President of the Russian Federation and Russian parliamentary parties, data from the Legislative Support System, and regulatory legal acts in the designated area. The main methods were qualitative analysis of documents and comparison.

Results. Common and special features have been identified in the interpretation of the institute of volunteering by the head of state and political parties. Stable connotations corresponding to its semantic parameters have been established. It is typical to refer to the historical experience and cultural and civilizational originality of Russia, which must certainly be taken into account in the process of making and implementing management decisions.

Discussion and conclusion. Identification of the main lines and plots of the representation of the problems of volunteer activity by these political actors made it possible to verify the space of solidarity. It articulates the participation of young people and assistance to residents of new regions of Russia, fighters in the zone of a special military operation. The parties also advertise and hold actions in support of the most needy and vulnerable categories of the population (the elderly, people with disabilities, sick children). The Institute of volunteering is interpreted as multifaceted, multitasking. Its purpose is seen, among other things, in improving management and communication practices. In turn, the development of volunteering should be combined with the adoption of additional measures designed to eliminate some vulnerabilities and shortcomings in terms of interaction between government actors and non-governmental institutions, regulatory gaps and ensure the creation of an effective integrated model.

Reforming Vietnam’s political system is a crucial mechanism for maintaining political stability amid the country’s ongoing socio-economic transformations. This article thoroughly examines the problematic issues of political system reforms in Vietnam, exploring the significant impact of these changes on the nation’s political stability. The renewal program that began in the late 1980s marked a significant shift towards a market economy. These reforms laid the foundation for subsequent political changes aimed at improving the efficiency of governance and administrative activities. The adjustments, carried out gradually and cautiously, demonstrate the strategic approach of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in maintaining a balance between economic liberalization and political stability, thus ensuring the CPV’s continuous dominance. This article provides an in-depth look at the key elements of these reforms, including the enhancement of administration and governance, the restructuring of the legal and institutional framework, and the regulated expansion of political and civil society participation. It underscores how these changes collectively contribute to forming a governance model that is more efficient, transparent, and responsive, thereby strengthening state legitimacy and public trust.

The article examines the specifics and features of protectionism in Russian modern management. Special attention is paid to the tools with which the authorities manage a complex industrial structure. The emphasis is placed on the fact that industrial policy is the most important direction in terms of strategic objectives and in the long term. The traditional theory of protectionism is used as the theoretical basis of the study. The article highlights the fact that, as in any country, in Russia the viability of the industrial production sector plays a crucial role, and its importance in the growth of national production can hardly be overestimated. The objectives of protectionism in Russian industry, which are important for the protection of domestic production, as well as GDP growth, are considered. In addition, the instruments of protectionism stimulate the ability to protect the industrial sector from external factors, thereby reducing the consequences. The concept of protectionism in theoretical discourse is defined from different points of view. But the main point of contact in various definitions is the definition of protectionism as a whole state policy, both in theory and in practice, which restricts imports from other countries by applying international sanctions using various methods. Such methods include import restrictions, quotas and others with the main purpose of protecting local industry by restricting the sale of foreign goods on the market. The purpose of the article is to identify the main methods of state regulation in the industrial sector from the point of view of protectionism tools. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical foundations of protectionist policy in modern Russia. The methods that were applied in the work will include a theoretical overview, a method of analysis, deduction, generalization. The result of the work are generalizing conclusions describing the most effective ways and directions of Russia’s industrial policy in the context of protectionism, comparing their theoretical foundations with practical application. The article considers several cases that help to identify the problems of modern industrial management policy. Among such obvious problems, it is worth highlighting the insufficient level of orientation to the new driving forces of technological change, the presence of a high degree of separation of the political landscape, and the low level of selection of successful practices.

Globalization processes have had a significant impact on agricultural and food systems around the world, resulting in a strong correlation between international political and economic events and food security. The dependence of actors on each other, the transcendental nature of food problems makes them even more difficult to eliminate. The category of food security itself reflects not only the food supply of individual households or regions, but also demonstrates the level of scientific and technological progress, socio-economic development, and the success of monitoring the natural and climatic situation in the state as a whole. This article examines the main international organizations involved in solving the problem of food security, as well as mechanisms aimed at eliminating it.

The aim of the article is to assess the effectiveness of international organizations in the field of food security.

 The scientific novelty of the article consists in the attempt not only to describe the activities of major international institutions in the field of food security, but also to assess the effectiveness of these activities against the background of the above-mentioned factors. In the scientific literature, such studies dating from 2022–2023 have not yet been presented.

The key research method was document analysis.

The empirical basis was statistic data, the speeches and statements of Russian and foreign politicians and experts in the field of food. The author identifies the key areas of activity of these organizations in the field of food independently of each other, as well as in interaction, and offers their assessment of their effectiveness. The article offers a conclusion about the role of the food problem for the world community at the present time and about the level of involvement of international organizations in eliminating this problem. As a result, some new ways of international cooperation in this area are proposed.

The article considers the problem of measuring risks and threats created by nature and characteristics of the human factor and affecting the efficiency and safety of activities at the micro level of the economy, in particular, in the environment of scientific and design organizations during the development of restoration projects at immovable cultural heritage sites located in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. A literature review of sources covering the problem under study is conducted. The goal of the study is formulated, consisting in attempts to measure the impact of human factor risks on the efficiency of scientific and design work, and the tasks are outlined, the solution of which will allow achieving the goal. The object of the subject study is the assessment of complex damage and indirect losses, and the subject is defined as the procedures for measuring the effects of these risks. The methods and tools of the planned study are defined. A number of intermediate author’s results are obtained, clarifying the nature of the human factor, the conceptual apparatus of the topic, the classification of risks, threats and dangers that can cause significant damage to an economic entity, harm to its market activity, damage to its business reputation and brand value. Partial results were discussed, several stage conclusions were made. Directions for further joint research of the authors of the article were outlined, which can be considered the starting point and the beginning of the path in the systematic study of the problem of threat metrics from the human factor

To date, not enough generalizing studies have been published in Russia aimed at identifying obvious and hidden geopolitical risks to the INSTC project. The scientific community has not yet developed a general understanding of their actual and imaginary significance, acuteness, interrelationships and interdependence. This is not surprising since the country’s leadership has only recently come to understand the strategic importance and geo-economic significance of INSTC. Since initially the main attention of the leading participants of the project — Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran — was focused on the “western branch line” of the INSTC, it was on this route that the foreign policy challenges from the United States and the EU, Turkey, India and China, as well as Pakistan, the republics of Central Asia and Armenia. At the same time, the main danger to the coordinated work of the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan and Iran within the framework of the project comes from the United States and its NATO allies. Without hiding their hostility to the Russian Federation, Iran and China, they are making efforts to involve Azerbaijan and other former Soviet republics in their geopolitical game in the South Caucasus. Turkish “pan-Turkists” have a certain influence on Baku’s behavior, seeking to shift its attention to the TITR project. In this case, they are impressed by the fact that it enjoys the support of the West. The geopolitical challenges and risks include the Azerbaijani Iranian and Azerbaijani-Indian contradictions, India’s competition with China and Pakistan in Central Asia, and Armenia’s claim to create a parallel to INSTC transport infrastructure. The article explains the background and scale of all these challenges and risks for Russia and the INSTC project, their thoroughness, imaginary and actual severity. According to the author, the main challenge (in fact, a threat) to the project today comes from the United States, which has intensified its participation in the reconciliation of Baku and Yerevan. In this regard, Washington’s desire to oust the Russian Federation from Armenia and turn it into a state controlled by the West, as well as to conclude a deal with Turkey and Azerbaijan at the expense of Armenia by forcibly implementing the Zangezur transport corridor project, is alarming.

Geopolitical changes lead to a transformation of the economy and social conditions for the livelihoods of the population. Different population densities, land fertility, and differences in income levels initiate the use of different approaches to providing the world’s population with food. The impact of sanctions against Russia on food supply and food security in the world, in particular considering the “grain deal,” remains poorly understood. The purpose of the work is to analyze the processes of food supply and achieving food security in the countries of the world, considering the introduction of sanctions by Western countries against Russia. The objectives of the study are as follows: to analyze the current situation in food supply, to identify the main threats to food security in the world as a whole, to propose solutions to reduce the negative impact of sanctions imposed against some states on third countries. The results of the study provide substantiation of proposals aimed at resolving issues of ensuring food security in the world under sanctions pressure on exporters of agricultural products.

The article examines the analysis of the relationship between the economic condition and the level of education of the regions of the Russian Federation over the past 20 years. The gross regional product, the share of pensioners, total expenses and the share of utility costs, the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level, etc. were selected as economic indicators of the regions. As indicators characterizing the level of education in the regions, the number of teachers, students, teachers, graduate students, the share of costs for basic and applied research, etc. were taken. The main research methods are factor, correlation and cluster analysis, as well as the principal component method. Using cluster analysis, 4 groups of regions were obtained, differing in economic indicators. All indicators were standardized and for each year the method of main components between two groups of indicators was carried out both for all regions of the Russian Federation and for each cluster separately. After selecting the first main components, a linear relationship is constructed between the two groups of indicators under consideration for different federal districts of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that for the first two clusters, from 2000 to 2003, there was no connection between the two groups of indicators. However, since 2004, a linear relationship between the two groups of indicators has been revealed, which tends to increase. For the third and fourth clusters, the absence of this dependence has been noted over the past 20 years. Based on the constructed linear regression model, a forecast is made for the next 3 years on the strengthening of the influence of the economy on the field of education for the regions included in the first and second clusters. The analysis confirms the assumption that for industrial regions there is a significant relationship between economic indicators and the level of education, whereas for raw material regions there is no such relationship. The proposed method can be used both to analyze the impact of economic factors on the education of regions and to analyze the reverse effect, which is especially important for making strategic decisions in the field of education.

The purpose of the work is to categorize and briefly describe online family services using the example of accounts on the VKontakte social network. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the concept of intensive motherhood, as well as the concept of professionalization of parenthood. According to the results of content analysis of information blocks of specialists’ profiles (n=52 pages/communities) offering certain products, services, content, the most common and, at the same time, in-demand areas and forms of activity of new support subjects and providers of special competencies of modern parents are identified: neuropsychology/ child psychology, informal/ non-institutionalized practices of preparation for childbirth, obstetric care and postpartum recovery, assistance in the organization of breastfeeding, sleep and nutrition of the child, replication of parental life hacks, exclusive methods of education, game practices. Providers of “new” services are, as a rule, parents (more often mothers) who have experienced certain difficulties in caring for/raising a child/children and are ready to broadcast, monetize their “unique” experience, which they subsequently confirmed and formalized (availability of specialized professional retraining or additional education). Online platforms are becoming a convenient and accessible channel for the reproduction and consumption of expert parental knowledge in the form of blogs, webinars, online intensive courses, etc. This opens up broad prospects for the further development of this segment of the services market. -

The article presents some aspects of the activities of two large socio-spiritual organizations («Millî Görüş» and the «Coordinating Committee of Turkish Muslims in France») operating in the Fifth Republic. These organizations represent the main associations expressing the interests and values of a significant part of the Turkish diaspora at the national level. Based on the analysis of statements made by their leaders in the media, communiques posted on social networks, as well as speeches of French officials, the author has identified a number of main directions of socio-political activity of these communities, demonstrating both their direct involvement in political activities in the country and their control by the official Ankara. The article confirms the fact that the Turkish diasporas are not focused not only on assimilation, but also on integration into the society of the country of residence. In fact, migrants live in the country and position themselves as Turks living in France, but not as citizens of the French Republic of Turkish origin. This approach differs from the Republican understanding of the word «citizenship». The author also estimated the number of supporters of these organizations. The conclusions presented in the work show the potential for “practical interaction” of representatives of the Russian diplomatic corps with the two named movements, as well as potential “directions” of this interaction.

The article considers aspects of strategizing the artifi intelligence (AI) sphere based on The article considers aspects of strategizing the artificial intelligence (AI) sphere based on the theory and methodology of strategizing by V. L. Kvint. Using Russia as an example, the article analyzes key trends and challenges influencing the development of AI, including technological sovereignty, personnel provision and infrastructure development. The main attention is paid to the relationship of AI with the processes of reindustrialization and innovative development of the economy. The article also provides a strategic diagnosis of the state of the Russian AI sphere, including an analysis of current trends, development prospects and market positioning. Based on the results of the strategic analysis and the OTSW matrix, five strategic directions for the development of AI in Russia are proposed, aimed at increasing the economic effect of the implementation of AI, stimulating scientific research and popularizing AI technologies among the population and business. The proposed directions can be used to adjust the existing state strategy in the field of AI and ensure long-term sustainable growth and technological independence of Russia in the context of global competition.