The article describes the process of formation of representative democracy as a specific framework within which generated conditions for certain forms of political struggle. The political struggle is an essential attribute of parlamentarism. It is not an end in itself, but derives from the characteristics of the structure and the mechanisms of representative democracy.

The transformation of state sovereignty in the twenty-first century became a real challenge to the international system. Some countries ceased to exist fully independently from the surrounding world economy and universal communication system. The constant participation of people in direct international communication has created a new political and legal reality on a universal scale - a virtual sovereignty.

This article explores the problem addressing the political rationale of the «humanitarian intervention» performed in case of emergency and necessity. The practice of states exhibits the emergence of a new international norm that allows states to perform «humanitarian intervention» in absence of a permissive resolution of the United Nations Security Council. In a search of a political rationale for a use of force, the general rule should be applied when some «formal» sources of international law are claimed in support of legitimacy of any act of a use of force. In addition, at the same time the second part of a regular process of reasoning of the legitimacy does abandoning the second, normative claim of that norm, which describes mandatory applicability of it to typical, similar, and time and again international interrelations. A rationale in this segment is from an ethical and moral or political realm.

The Syrian conflict developing at least at three levels - local, regionally and globally, there is the Gordian knot that is associated from the complex interplay of opposing forces for influence in Syria, the Middle East and the global world. The truth is the strength or power of the truth? That is the question of modern geopolitics! In one version of Gordian knot of the problem was solved by Alexander the Great by force: instead of unraveling, the general cut of his sword. The priests interpreted that: «He will conquer the world! But the sword, not diplomacy». Similarly, in the Syrian conflict, much will be determined by the correlation of forces of the warring parties, depending on the size of the controlled area. However, there is another version of the solution to the problem Gordian knot. According to the story Aristobulus «Alexander managed to solve the problem and release the yoke by removing the front end of the drawbar hook - so-called “Gestor”, which is secured jugular belt». Obviously, «gestor» «Syrian yoke» is to mobilize the government and the opposition forces against LIH - a common enemy of the Syrian people, the preparation and adoption of the Constitution, taking into account the interests of all religious communities and ethnic groups.Do not judge who is right, because violence feeds on the energy of righteousness, being introduced to the masses for her well-being. Should argue about what to do to ensure peace on the Syrian soil. Finally you can untangle any knots because we are tying their own.

The article deals with the determination of the effectiveness consequences of publication of open data for the formation of state control evaluation of the effectiveness of public administration in the Kyrgyz Republic. Showing the existing theoretical and practical aspects of measuring the effect of the effects of the opening of the data on the results of the state control on the example of state inspections in the field of entrepreneurship. Recommendations to improve the methodology for assessing the government as a guarantor of security of life of citizens and the environment.

In the article questions of a ratio of the international criminal law and the criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, and also a ratio of ecocide and environmental disaster are considered.

The article analyzes soft power in the policices of China and Russia in Central Asia from the perspective of successful realization of interaction of the Economic Belt of the Silk Way and the Eurasian Economic Union. It especially emphasizes that in combination with the Eurasian Economic Union, the Economic Belt of the Silk Way presents new characters in configurations of international economic and political relations.

The authors analyze the complex problems associated with the formation of regional industrial clusters of really innovative type, with the introduction into the activities of the real economy scheme of public-private partnership, with the revival of the national pharmaceutical industry, in particular pharmaceutical industry. Solution of these problems, according to the authors, provide a procedure for import of foreign drugs quality Russian pharmaceuticals, which is currently the most important problems facing the society and the state. Degradable materials demonstrate the relevance of the issues raised in the article. The authors consider the pharmaceutical cluster of St. Petersburg, activities, participants, members of these relatively new form of territorial units, analyze the innovative activity of a number of existing companies a bearing producing both generic and original commercial products with innovative features. To identify innovative leaders in the cluster technique used multidimensional comparative analysis. The end of the article contains the conclusions and the proposals.

In this article we observe a short form of the computable model of the general equilibrium of social and economic system in Russian Federation. It is allowing to carry out a quantitative assessment of consequences of illegal financial operations is described (withdrawal of budgetary funds; evasion of taxes by natural and legal entities; a conclusion of financial assets abroad) on the main macro-economic indicators. By means of model the computing experiments are estimating communication between some components of shadow economy and the main macroeconomic indicators of the country (GDP and a consumer price index), the results of it are given in the end of article.

The article deals with topical issues of ensuring the financial stability of the organization on the basis of the unity of all aspects of business. The authors consider the mathematical model of profitability of financial flows of the company. The relationship between the equation of profitability of the company’s financial flows and the capital circulation equation, developed by K. Marx is held. The analysis of these equations is given. The role of the time factor in economic activity is shown.

This article analyzes the tools of special economic zones as a means of ensuring security of socio-economic development of the territory. Considered Canadian experience of regional development on the basis of special economic zones and project forms of public-private partnership. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of special economic zones with different management tools of territorial development, in particular the system of indicative planning.

Questions of formation of the international image of the Russian industry in the Russian scientific researches are raised indirectly. Both in theoretical and on the practical level objective necessity of complete politological judgment of process of formation of the international image of the Russian industry has ripened. The author believes that reproduction of the international image of the Russian industry is the complex information system providing foreign interests of the state. Strong image of the Russian industry becomes a condition of achievement of a sustainable development, it promotes attraction of investments, and also facilitates access of the Russian companies to any resources: financial, information, human.

The relevance of the study of English economic terminology is based on the process of international economic integration due to the globalization of the modern world and the widespread development of English-speaking business communications.Through the efforts of many domestic and foreign scholars theoretical and methodological framework for the formation of views on language as a cognitive ability of a person related to the mental processes has been prepared. Specificity of human perception of the world, understanding the results of cognitive processes in his professional work and their representation in the language forms is directly reflected in the terminology of the various professional fields. The question of the imagery in the terminology has been widely discussed in modern termi-novedcheskih research in view of the obvious anthropocentric orientation. The imagery is an essential feature of the national language picture of the world of a particular society. The paper deals with color-symbolics of English economic terminology and provides examples of terms, containing basic color-components: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, white, black, grey. English economic terminology proves that color semantics is a complex phenomenon and has different meanings in terminology: denotative, metaphoric and symbolic meanings. Colour symbolic imagery with respect to the terminology is understood in this study as a certain color consistency being made up on the basis of color semas with national specificities and based on such factors as the mythology, folklore, traditions, national realities and national literature. Colorative adjectives as term-components are used for differentiation and verbalization of features essential for terminological nominations of economic knowledge.

The article examines the systems of local self-government in Norway and Russia considering specificity of external and internal conditions of local authorities functioning. The authors compared main stages of local self-government development, management tools, revealed topical for both countries issues, analyzed factors stipulating municipal reform. Principles, mechanisms and methodic basis of reforming municipalities through amalgamation are presented.

This article is devoted to the problems of information - analytical ensuring administrative activity on the basis of use of modern infocommunication technologies. It is told about experience of implementation of programs of professional development for the staff of Administration of the Government of St. Petersburg. The review of BI-of systems is carried out, examples of use of such systems in various branches are given. Need of use of BI -of systems for ensuring information and analytical activity of public authorities is proved. It is offered the new paradigm of tutoring in infocommunication technologies in the highest educational institutions, that train experts of the public and municipal administration.

The article discusses the problem of reflection in the caricature of the events of the «constitutional revolution», 1828-1832, which was the turning point in the process of democratization of English state. Analysis of the cartoons showed a significant decrease of anti-dissent and anti-Catholic phobias in English society, contributed to the implementation of the two first acts of «constitutional revolution» - laws to expand the rights of dissenters and Catholics. The support of the parliamentary reform of 1832 by the significant part of the society have also been appropriately reflected in the cartoon. In general the caricature was fairly accurate barometer of public sentiment, having important historical value.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the process of updating the industry of the Urals in the early XX century. The economic crisis has forced the industry to move strongly towards concentration of production. However, this process in the Urals flowed late and did not end until the outbreak of the First world war.

Name of S.Yu. Witte for many years has been connected with various representatives of an imperial surname of Romanov who were on the Russian throne at a boundary of the XIX-XX centuries. Personal success in public administration S.Yu. Witte achieved in 1892-1900 thanks to reforms and initiatives which brought Russia to the European level of development in economy, the customs sphere, diplomacy. A political goal of S.Yu. Witte was preservation of imperial autocracy by all available means and at any cost. Without losing the personal advantage and without missing personal benefit he has passed a way from the member of the Secret counterrevolutionary organization of the aristocracy «Sacred Team» to the Minister of Finance of Russia. Serving two Emperors - Alexander III and Nicholas II the priority gave to board to the first. He defined government of the successor as «boyish management» in spite of the fact that rise of his career has fallen on the period of the power of Nicholas II.

The article traces the main changes of electoral politics in modern Russia, describes the features developed electoral processes. It is noted that during the first electoral cycle elections in Russia took place the real manifestations of political struggle, competition, and, especially at the regional level, had quite unpredictable in nature. The situation began to change after the adoption of the Federal law «On political parties» from 2001 which recognized the triggering effect to the Russian nationalization of the party system. Further processes of development of Institute of elections was associated with increasing authoritarian trends in the implementation of the electoral process, the use of administrative resources at all stages of the electoral mechanism and the suppression of opposition sentiment. The result of the analysis of the processes was the author’s attempt to capture the most important trends in the electoral politics of the state, which introduced a new system of legitimation of power, with the aim of ensuring the unity and stability of society in the interests of the ruling elite. Such resistance society provides for its consolidation around the state in its current model. The work concludes that the electoral process over time becomes more manageable, and the object eventually becomes not only the election procedure, but the intended result of election procedures. In addition, the article presents the thesis of continuing the institutionalization of elections in the country and search for the model of electoral regulations that would best meet the needs of the ruling political elite. At the same time, electoral behavior and public opinion is largely susceptible to changes under the influence of ongoing political transformations.

The article discusses the activities of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in solving the food program. The organization cooperates extensively with a number of international agricultural organizations and institutions. The main attention is given to FAO’s work with the UN system: (ECOSOC, ILO (International Labour Organization), WHO, UNDP (Food Program Development), UNESCO, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), UNCTAD (Conference on Trade and Development), UNICEF (UN Children’s Fund), economic Commission for Europe etc.

In the present article, the author describes the system of economic foundations of cultural and sociopolitical history of the oldest Rus’ communities in Eastern Europe in mid- 8th - early 11th centuries. The system is reconstrusted as a group of seven subsystems - these are trade, fiscal, administrative, military, diplomatic, religious and mercenary-contractual ones.

The reviewed monograph of V. P. Kirilenko and G. V. Alekseev “International law and information security of the states” represents complex research of social, political and legal questions of ensuring information security on the basis of rules of international law.