The article discusses the role of international cooperation in relation to advanced space programs, especially in the interests of developing countries. Options for international cooperation in space projects such as the ISS and the Tiangong space station. The author of the calculation that China’s defense space project, the Tiangong space station, is a promising area of cooperation between Russia and China. To implement this project, China is emphasizing global cooperation and inviting more advanced space nations to release large amounts of hydrocarbons. In addition, China provides an opportunity to participate in long-term countries in the interest of greater international cooperation. The purpose of this international study is to analyze the situation in the field of relations in the field of space, as well as a forecast on the implementation of promising space projects and the development of international space cooperation. The methodological component of the study of systemic, functional, comparable, normative-value, as well as prognostic methods. The author also came to the conclusion that the current geopolitical situation requires immediate decision-making on making decisions on amending most international acts.

The mobilization economy should not be perceived as synonymous with improving governance efficiency. The mobilization of the economy and the relevant authorities is a temporary, specifically historical phenomenon. On the other hand, the desire to improve the efficiency of economic management is a task constantly facing any modern society.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the role and significance of the results of the process of economic transformation of the sphere of subsoil use in Russia, which ensures the raw material sovereignty of the state in modern geopolitical and geo-economic conditions. The purpose of the article is to assess the transformational changes in the field of subsoil use in Russia. Objectives: to evaluate innovations in the field of “new subsoil use”; identify the key problems of subsoil use in terms of geological study, prospecting, exploration and production of minerals; perform an analysis of the prospects for international cooperation with friendly countries for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; offer options for management decisions that are adequate to the modern conditions of functioning of the sphere of nature management. Methods. System approach, logical analysis, synthesis. Results. Top innovations in the field of prospecting, exploration and production of minerals are represented by the initiative project of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources “Geology of Russia: the revival of a legend”, large-scale changes in the legislation on subsoil use, measures of financial support for subsoil users for certain types of strategic raw materials. The key problems of subsoil use are the existing shortage of reserves of some types of strategic raw materials, as well as the need to replace technological equipment and software. Maintaining the level of annual production, increasing marginality and reducing costs in the processing of hydrocarbon
raw materials is associated with the digital transformation of the industry. It is logical to consider the possibilities for the development of the Russian Arctic zone in the context of the joint tripartite BRICS initiatives. Conclusions. The implementation of projects in the field of subsoil use requires adequate approaches and the criteria for the success of the implementation of such projects should be: results; speed (time); data. Two directions in the use of Russia’s natural resource potential seem promising: updating the classification of hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves; use of the concession mechanism for the implementation of projects in the Arctic tourism segment.

The digitalization of business production processes during the transition to Industry 4.0 is a key indicator of increasing the competitiveness of industrial companies in the Russian Federation. It is characterized by a whole range of permissible effects, which are not fully manifested in practice, due to the dominance of a partial approach to the application of Industry 4.0 innovations and an acute shortage of company managers with a complete vision of the entire process of digitalization of production. The main goal of this study is to develop a unified model of digital transformation in the production of all business processes, which would allow making the most rational management decisions in the field of digital technologies, and would also be aimed at the speedy transition of Russian enterprises to Industry 4.0. The following methods were used in the study: conceptual approach, critical thinking, statistical method, as well as the method of system analysis. The results of the study made it possible to conclude about the positive impact of the developed unified model on the management of production business processes in the company, including the formation of a positive socioeconomic effect in general.

Currently, expert-analytical activity is being developed on digital network platforms as sociotechnical systems that organize algorithmized relationships between actors and actant in the field of assessing a problem situation and making decisions to resolve it. The lag in the development of expert and analytical activities in the public administration system of the region leads to a slowdown in the processes of their socio-economic development. The purpose of the presented work was to substantiate the need of the regional management system for a conceptual model of smart configuration of expert and analytical activities on digital network platforms. The author determined that such a conceptual model should be based on 1) the concept of stakeholders (E. Freeman), 2) the critical heuristics of designing social systems (V. Ulrich), 3) the concept of epistemic communities (P. Haas). Its need is determined by three main points: 1) identifying the problematic field of requests and the degree of demand for conducting a social and professional examination with the involvement of representatives of interested parties; 2) digitalization processes that lead to the formation of digital network platforms as the technological basis for public management of new quality and 3) the construction of the concept of smart configuration as its content and technological basis. This model is based on smart configuring, the concept of using an artificial intelligence system to organize optimization models for developing options for socially significant management decisions, taking into account the consolidation of interests and the participation of all stakeholders. Smart configuration enables dialogue and collaboration between key stakeholders. To do this, you need to create a smart application (intelligent relational network configurator).

Over the past ten years, Korean pop culture has gained enormous popularity around the world. The Boy Band BTS is one of the brightest representatives of this culture. The BTS fandom (ARMY) has about 90 million people around the world, most of which are teenagers and young people. Musical creativity and non-concert activities of the group broadcasted through social networks significantly affect BTS listeners’ perceptions of a wide range of issues, including those related to gender relations. Although there are a lot of research papers devoted to the phenomenon of BTS both in South Korea and abroad the gender aspects of this topic have not yet been studied. The purpose of the article is to analyze the gender representation contained in BTS songs and the nature of gender perception by BTS fans in the process of network communication between the boy band and the fans. The method of qualitative analysis of documents (lyrics of songs) was used and an analysis of a case related to a discussion on the network about one of the songs of BTS, which users rated as misogynistic, was carried out. Research results. Social networks are the key channel for interaction between BTS and their fans. Equally important, fans are not merely an object, but also a subject of communication, they play a huge role in the promotion of the group in the network space. In terms of gender representation, BTS songs can be subdivided into three groups: songs with a discriminatory presentation of gender relations, those with an egalitarian presentation, and songs that do not address gender representation. The third group makes up the absolute majority in the work of the boy band, since BTS focuses on universal problems that are equally important to both girls and boys. The discussion on the song “Joke” taken place in 2015–2016 showed that today fans have real means of controlling the content of the group’s songs and in order to maintain their popularity BTS songwriters need to avoid misogyny. Fans therefore are becoming a deterrent to the spread of discriminatory gender representation in the work of the group, strengthening the group’s positive influence on its fans, including in promoting gender equality. This applies not only to BTS, but to other K-pop groups as well.

This article analyzes the relationship of the Russian Orthodox Church with the government and sanitary and epidemiological authorities during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. The statistical method, the discourse analysis and content analysis were applied. The social media analysis system “Kribrum” was used as a technical tool of the study. As a result, we have identified the types of media, popular social media platforms, and important newsworthy events that were discussed on social media. The analysis has showed that the state-confessional interaction in social media is built around the state restrictions on church services. The article demonstrates the change in the attitude of the ROC to restrictions from a sharp rejection to the adaptation. Two models of state-confessional relations have been singled out. According to the first model, believers and members of the priesthood (deacons and priests) ignored the sanitary rules for visiting churches. As for the second model, the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church adapted the COVID restrictions and strictly followed them, thus, the bishops followed the state power. A rating of the most influential channels on social media that published on the state-confessional topic has been compiled with two polar images of the ROC identified — the state (conservative) and the opposition (liberal). In the state media, the ROC is presented as an important public institution, with which the state authorities and believers consult. They also noted the misunderstanding in relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the authorities at the beginning of the pandemic. In the opposition media, the ROC is a slow and archaic organization that ignores sanitary rules and does not trust the decisions of the government. Believers and priests are presented as COVID dissidents who criticize the closure of churches and doubt the existence of the coronavirus. It is concluded that the ROC as a religious institution requires a special approach as well as the state and sanitary authorities should discuss with the episcopate and believers the restrictions in churches.

Goals. Based on the analysis of materials from the Soviet press, scientific publications and a number of other sources, to show the hyperactive activity of the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee N.S. Khrushchev on the widespread introduction of corn crops in the country, to reveal how ill-conceived and not calculated from a scientific point of view, managerial decisions in an authoritarian political system can lead to serious negative socio-economic and political consequences.
Materials and methods. N.S. Khrushchev’s speeches at party congresses, plenums, activists and other forums, party and government resolutions concerning the party leadership of the agrarian sphere of the country were chosen as the basic materials of the work. The main method of working with sources and scientific literature is the historical approach, which is traditional for this kind of research, which allowed us to consider the dynamics of the origins of the “corn epic”, its development and historical finale. In addition, a problem-chronological approach was used, which contributed to the study of specific aspects of the activities of the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, which allowed to trace the causes of the origin and development of the campaign initiated by him, but also to draw historical lessons from its deplorable results.
Results. One of the negative results of the policy of “universal maize” imposed by N. Khrushchev in the life of the agricultural sector of the country was a deep food crisis. In turn, the total shortage of meat and dairy products and bakery products in most regions of the country, which has become essentially chronic, has shown the complete failure of some managerial experiments of the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Conclusions. Deep unprofessionalism, paternalism, the desire to interfere and direct literally all spheres of the national economy of the country, from space exploration to agriculture — these qualities were inherent in most of the generation of party leaders of the USSR. Khrushchev's unceremonious intervention in the agrarian sphere led to serious negative economic and social consequences, a sharp decline in the party's authority in society, which continued in the following years after his departure from the political arena. In the end, in 1991, it was not so much the foreign and homegrown "enemies of Soviet power" that crushed a huge power, but above all, the inability of the country's party elite to solve the most pressing problems of Soviet people.

The article presents the results of a study of the state and mood of civil society from the standpoint of a political and sociological approach. The definition of the state of civil society, its features and components is proposed. The complexity and inconsistency of attitudes among young people as a reference group is analyzed.
The study also compared some indicators with previous similar studies and some dynamics of the state of the reference group in connection with the conduct of ITS. The competitive parameters that have received dynamics and their connection with the general mood in the youth environment are determined.
The study was conducted in order to identify the parameters of subjects exclusively within the framework of civil society and did not consider the marginalizing component and processes outside civil society.
For further research, a reference group is provided with a description of the properties of the group and parameters for segmentation and identification of related processes.

The objective of this article is to determine to which extent the military service deferment can be considered as one of the important factors of students’ motivation to study for postgraduate school. The relevance of this study is linked to the difficulties in the implementation of state policy devoted to the increasing share of young specialists in the academic environment. The share of young scientists is declining, and the part of employees over 60 years old is growing. There is also a lack of information in the scientific literature. In the existing studies, this topic is not covered widely enough. In order to achieve the goal, the authors conducted a sociological research among male postgraduate students of military age of full-time education. The authors interviewed 149 postgraduate students from 41 universities. 50 respondents had a military card, 99 did not have one. The respondents were offered a questionnaire in which they had to assess the level of motivation to study at postgraduate school on a scale from 1 to 10 according to seven factors. In order to accurately interpret the respondents’ answers, the authors used the Mann-Whitney parametric test. The authors note that the key motivator for both groups of postgraduate students is “The possibility of obtaining an advanced degree.” The difference between the groups of respondents with and without a military card is observed in terms of the motivation factor “Interest in scientific and teaching activities.” This indicator is higher for postgraduate students with a military card. For the other five factors of motivation (except for the factor of “deferment”), there was no significant difference among the samples of respondents. Military service deferment is an important factor of motivation, but not it’s not a key one. The authors highlight that there is no need for additional roles for postgraduate students and applicants with and without a military card. The study showed that both are approximately equally motivated to study. The results of the study also show that the factors of motivation “The prestige of the profession of a scientist” and “The size of salaries” motivate postgraduate students less than other factors, although it is known that these factors are decisive when choosing a profession. The authors point out that in order to promote the young staff within the academic environment, it is necessary to pay attention to the mentioned factors.

The article reveals the content of the concept of “financial technology”, emphasizes its importance in the strategic development of technology companies in the financial sector. It reflects the features of financial technologies and services as tools to stimulate innovation in the financial sector. The research methodology is based on taking into account the dependence of the transition to the creation and improvement of technological companies in the banking sector on progress in financial technologies. The analysis of the development strategy of Russian technology companies with a banking license was carried out by reviewing the initial stages of its development (according to the methodology of V.L. Kvint). The results of the trends and patterns’ analysis, as well as the OTSW-analysis of the technology companies’ development in Russia in the context of the financial technologies’ introduction are presented. Based on the materials of the study, we can conclude that the further formation of the financial sector largely depends on financial technologies that affect the process of digital transformation, increasing the openness of financial services. However, these processes create new and complicate the old challenges. In the domestic market, avant-garde financial companies launch and promote transformational strategies, create ecosystems around themselves, turning into technology companies. The main factor in such business models’ changes in the companies is the strategic potential inherent in these actions and the possibility of providing competitive advantages for the company in the future due to upcoming technological changes (including changes in the technological order). At the end of the work strategic recommendations were formulated to create and improve an enabling environment for the financial technologies’ development.

The review considers a collective monograph edited by M. N. Konyagina, dedicated to the history of the formation of the modern domestic monetary system, the beginning of which comes from the reign of the young Ivan the Terrible. The theme of the book today is relevant not only in the context of improving the financial literacy of citizens, the formation of knowledge among students acquiring an economic specialty, but also to demonstrate the fact that the Russian ruble has repeatedly been stable, and the domestic monetary system has outpaced the European ones at certain historical stages. The publication discusses the structure of the publication, highlights particularly interesting developments, emphasizes the contribution of the co-authors not only to the monograph itself, but also to the development of thematic areas, which is confirmed by numerous published works by them. The reviewer gives an overall high positive assessment of the reviewed work, as well as recommendations for further deepening the subject under study.
The author of the review is convinced that the book will be useful for students of the educational fields “Economics”, “Management”, “Business Informatics”, “State and Municipal Administration”, teachers, business representatives in the field of financial intermediation, as well as a wide range of readers for understanding economic processes in the difficult history of Russia.