Significant changes occurring in the management by Russian education and science, accompanied by the appearance and the possibility of various risks. Since education and science can be regarded as an integral single system of interrelated elements forming it, object of consideration is the systemic risks. They are caused by the education and science management as a single system and their implementation may lead to the destruction and even death of system of the Russian education and science. The article analyzes the problem situation related to the status and development of Russian science and higher education in the conditions of their reforming, of the state policy in the field of science and training. Analysis of the values and the dynamics of the main indicators of the status and development of the Russian science and higher education are given also. The results showed the following. Management decisions for the implementation of the measures of state policy on education and science are accompanied really by various risks, including system risks. The article presents the author’s approach to the definition of systemic risk, described by certain parameters. Based on the analysis significant system management risks associated with the conduct of Russian state policy in the sphere of education and science are highlighted. Identification of the relevant systemic risks is given in the context of concrete management decisions. The possibility of realization of systemic risk is confirmed by real examples.

In the article is suggested and proved the hypothesis of the close connection between the strategizing and the policing leading to the appearance of multiple actors participating in a process of strategic planning and management: not only they are the authors of strategy but also the state and municipal administrations, diverse political and non-government organizations, individuals. In a great metropolis the strategizing becomes more complicated because of huge dimensions of the system and the high degree of its complexity and intricacy as well as of the paths of historical development and modern challenges. The ideas mentioned above are illustrated with case-studies of large cities of New York City, Berlin, London, St. Petersburg. As a theoretical background for showing the interdependence of the strategizing and policing processes are used the path dependency theory and the comparative analyses of the policing process and the selection of strategic priorities under various conditions. Among other problems of strategizing and policing in St. Petersburg is stressed that not enough are used the opportunities to form and implement the autonomous policy given to the so called «federal cities» - subjects of federation - including St. Petersburg by the Constitution of Russia. The description of the strategizing in New York City where during about hundred years the strategy is developed not only for the municipality but also for a large region around it hence a large city agglomeration shows the rationality of this variant and also the possibility of strategy development not only in the hierarchical organizational structures (from top to the bottom) but also in a frame of self-organization (from bottom to the top). The forming out of the St. Petersburg’s agglomeration is seen as a most effective possibility for the development of the second largest and one of the most important cities in Russia.

This article addresses the issue of justification of uses of force in historical perspective. Formation of the modern doctrine of Just War originated in ancient Greece and Rome. Ancient postulates of rationale for just uses of force were initially rejected by early Christians, but then were developed in the writings of St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. Later religious doctrine of just war was developed and replaced by a secular one in the works of scientists, theologians, philosophers and lawyers, such as John Locke, Hugo Grotius, Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes, Emeric de Vattel. By the beginning of the century it became evident that self-survival regime, grounded in the doctrine of sovereignty, does not ensure the security of States, and this in turn led them to the creation of international institutions in the sphere of security. These institutions allow States to combine their resources to secure common interests.

The article discusses the main macroeconomic results of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015. We analyzed the structural problems of the new integration association and new economic trends that influenced the negative changes in the economies of the member countries of EAEC in 2015.

The theme selection of a subject of this work is caused by the fact that in the conditions of proceeding financial and economic crisis, many economic entities of the Russian economy having passed a privatization stage, and then and capitalizations of the possession have faced a problem of lack of means for the further innovative updating demanding big investment investments. Creating favorable conditions for the implementation of innovation is one of the most important tasks of the public policy developed countries. Accordingly, stimulation of innovation acts as a mechanism for implementing the strategic objectives of government policy in general and its innovative component in particular.

The paper is concerned to the new methodological approach for early prognosis of promising research and development (R&D) in the fields of science and technology. As it’s demonstrated with the texts’ corpus covering the known R&D stories from 1955 to 2014, the correct prognosis probability at the R&D life pre-investment cycle phase based on the traditional econometric methods is not high. The analogy is drawn to computer program text quality metrics based test approach and formally well-structured scientific & engineering texts. Making a start from this analogy, the four size-based quantitative metrics and four functional-based ones basing on lexical approach completed with ontological evolutionary approach to R&D texts’ corpus investigations are worked out. The relevant formulas are deduced to calculate the size-based metrics. The resulting values are interpreted form the point of view of promising R&D search and prognosis task. The key questions are described in details for source data formation to calculate more complex functional-based metrics using some lexical-graph R&D text models, to solve decomposition tasks and path search on graphs of terms collocations and co-words with the purpose of terminology evolution investigations, tautological definitions localization, and texts structure quality estimation. The source data necessary for the eight deduced formulas of author’s metrics calculation are rigorously specified. The non-linear pair correlation indexes are evaluated for every metric and known R&D historical result on the test text corpus. The probabilities of correct forecast with the eight metrics demonstrate good level of correlation with successful R&D stories. The ranges of resulting values for all the metrics are rigorously described and interpreted, their details of correlation indexes behavior and correct forecast probabilities are explained to support good decision regarding the most promising R&D choice and fulfill a purpose of investment activity at the early phase of R&D life cycle. As it’s demonstrated by the author the implementation of described mathematical approach based on the eight metrics results in higher probability of prognosis for better R&D choice and lets an investment manager to achieve the purpose of optimal funding in combination with other known methods.

The current approach to formation and realization of public programs that exist in Russia is ineffective. It is not flexible to changing environment. There is urgent issue about the methods of public programming. The searching of more effective methods of financial programming is of current importance in Russia. One of the potential possibilities is the zero-based budgeting (ZBB) approach to public programming. This method serves to reduce effectively budgetary allocations on public programs without loss of quantity and quality of services provided. Moreover, ZBB identifies the causes of financial losses. There is a gap in the analysis of ZBB in national literature. The purpose of this study is to overlap this gap. The successful experience of the development and implementation of the new ZBB in Georgia is presented. The experience of Georgia is more indicative for Russia than methods of public programming from USA due to the similar level of the economy development. Authors argue that difficult economic situation in Russia is the incentive to implement new methods of public programming. However currently Russian economy has not enough resources to reconsider methods of public programming and implement new ones in particular zero-based budgeting.

The article considers methodological features of identifying the participation of regional producers in value chains as an effective mechanism to coordinate economic activity within technological cycles. Economic-mathematical model of optimizing interaction and coordination of activities between participants on the criteria of value added maximizing with spanning variables is offered for value chain management applied to regional agro-industrial sector. Specifications of model constraints are related to available resources, proportion of production output in industries and activities in the value chain, conditions for sales, production merchandising and infrastructure developing, technology proportion, production capacity and other requirements. In addition, special attention is given to particular type of model constraint as receiving secure added value in the previous link of value chain.

Article is devoted to making management decisions aimed at organizing the optimal trajectory of the financial flow under the insurance contract . Management of financial flows for an individual insurance contract is considered as one of the opportunities to improve the efficiency of the entire activity of the insurer. Under the effective activity of the insurer in the study refers to activities aimed at making a profit while guaranteeing the performance of insurance liabilities. The optimum trajectory involves the implementation of the main objectives of the insurer in respect of the insurance contract - performance of insurance liabilities under the contract and receipt for it, depending on the insured event the best possible financial result. Financial flow movement along such atrajectory would mean the effective passage of the insurance contract. The insurer should take certain management decisions to ensure optimal cash flow trajectory. We examined the possibility of obtaining the best financial result for the individual insurance contract in the development of management decisions. The article defines the conditions to ensure the implementation of insurance liabilities due to adequacy of insurance reserves and own funds, as well as the conditions for obtaining the highest possible positive result of the financial flow of the insurance contract. To perform each of the conditions set out to construct the corresponding managerial decisions at the level of the insurer. It was built tree of management decisions, which reflects the interdependence and sequence of implementation of these decisions. Adoption of the proposed management decisions on a separate insurance contract will increase the effectiveness of the insurance company as a whole.

The article is devoted to the actual matter of milk production quality and quantity regulation in circumstances of trade war between Russia and some other countries. The tusk of excise rate identification from the point view of interaction on russian cheese manufactures. In an aim of matter analyze the author applies financial calculations and linear optimization methods.

The article examines the competitiveness of agriculture of the Russian Federation through the indicators of its regional development. Based on results of the Pearson correlation calculation was established that competitiveness of agriculture is closely tied with a small amount of factors. Among factorial conditions high correlation is observed with the investments into fixed capital (0.7), to a lesser extent - with the capital of other sort (a cattle livestock), also land resources and a labor force. Also demand conditions matter, namely: trade turnover of the agricultural organizations (0.73). At the same time dependence upon the state aid is expressed not so clearly: correlation is average, being at the level of 0.5-0.6 depending on a type of subsidies. There were found 14 groups of factors as a result of the factorial analysis. Three among factors had importance: crop production condition; livestock production condition; degree of openness of the region. Values of these factors were calculated for parent population’s objects. The most common situation is when the subject of the Russian Federation had a high value on one of three factors, but insignificant on two others. Subjects of the Russian Federation with low value of competitiveness have negative values of all factors as well, with rare exceptions. Moscow, the Krasnodar area, the Belgorod region have unique values of variables. A certain trend between factors wasn’t detected - all three factors are independent between each other. The conclusion is drawn that the competitiveness increases mainly due to the development of livestock production.

In article the author considers questions of safety which can be staticized in case of implementation of reform of power institutes of the power. In present period concentration of law enforcement agencies and their integration into a single whole can lead aggravations of a foreign policy provision of Russia to positive results if such reform is carried out with the maximum efficienc y rate.

In the article, possible options of application of elements of game theory for the analysis of behavior of participants at bankruptcy of the organization are considered. Models based on bimatrix games are investigated, and models with use of games in an expanded form are offered.

The article presents a brief analysis of measures to use information and communication technologies in the organization of administrative procedures of the Saint-Petersburg Service of state construction supervision and expertise, and also describes proposals for the improvement of this work. The issues of legal support of the use ICT in the activities of the supervisory authority were considered.

Goal. Analysis of the effectiveness of regulation by regional authorities and entrepreneurship support Fund development and support of small and average business. Methods. On the basis of institutional approach to analyze the annual reports of the Fund for support for 2013-2015. Results. Revealed that the entrepreneurship support Fund of sword-levskoy region are used to a small extent, but the regulation is in many-d formal. Scientific novelty. For the first time the estimation of the real state of the development and support of key small and medium business; the degree of effectiveness of the instruments governing the structure of a plant used by the Ministry of investment and development Fund for support of the entrepreneurship of the Sverdlovsk region.

The article is devoted to the history of the magazine «Industry and Trade» - organ of the Council of Congresses of Representatives of Industry and Trade. Even at the time of the creation of the magazine it was claimed as the only private publication, not only describes the state of affairs in the commercial and industrial sector of the country, but at the same time aims to improve it, to protect the interests of both entrepreneurs and the Russian economy as a whole. Therefore, the leaders of «Industry and Trade» invited to cooperation the best scientists and practitioners of that time, were not afraid to give an opportunity to express polar views, offer bold solutions. Particular attention was paid to cooperation of the Ministry of Trade and Industry and of the Council of Congresses of Representatives of Industry and Trade. Some ideas on the problem of the relationship between state and business are proposed.

Being in the Crimea on vacation Nicholas II and Empress Aleksandra Fedorovna unexpectedly for themselves have faced a set of problems: a disease of the tsar and fight for his life, manifestation of the power and firmness from the Empress, the solution of a question of a succession to the throne, devotion and treachery of ministers. In absolutely other foreshortening, the Yalta incident was considered by S.Yu. Witte: the fatal disease of the tsar was meant as a usual diphtheria, but not a typhoid, in a question of a succession to the throne defended the candidate for the male line - grand prince Mikhail Aleksandrovich. Witte has suggested solving at a meeting of ministers this problem based on the legislation, but not at the request of the Empress. From this point position of the most successful minister in the Government Nicholas II has reeled. A consequence of a disease of the Emperor the habitual amplitude of the relations has begun to fluctuate - from disappointment to mistrust and secret desire to dismiss Witte.

In article the understanding of truth is considered by representatives of the Russian religious philosophy. Is shown that content of this category for the Russian thinkers essentially differs from that which it has in the doctrines implanting it in a gnoseological perspective. The truth for them is an authentic reality which mastering represents comprehension of the complete nature of the world making sense of entry into Divine reality. For deepening of understanding of views of the Russian thinkers the comparative analysis of their doctrine about truth and other philosophical views considering truth as reality to which comprehension the human knowledge is directed is carried out. In this regard the attention to difference of views of domestic authors from understanding of truth is paid by Hegel for whom the truth is objectively existing general which shall become a philosophy subject. The philosophy of Heidegger who believed that the aspiration to abstract generality leads to loss by the person of itself became other line item with which views of the Russian philosophers have been contrasted. Basic line of his views in relation to which specifics of the Russian philosophy are fixed is the understanding of truth as real which «is released» in the course of knowledge, thanks to the freedom which is initially owning the person and guaranteeing it movement in the direction of «disclosure of “sense” of what we call life». For the Russian philosophers, unlike Heidegger, freedom it not initial quality of the person, the following from the nature real, and a consequence of that responsibility to God which the person assumes. On the basis of the carried-out consideration the conclusion that the understanding of truth the Russian philosophers allows to deliver important accents in idea of process of scientific knowledge becomes. In particular it orients to acceptance in attention of an image of reality as whole, created on the ways of a metaphysical reflection, and also a personal involvement and moral responsibility of the subject of knowledge.

In this article we are talking about contemporary approach to the charity phenomen and questions of state cooperation with philanthropic organizations in the Russian empire of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Authors are considering the present theme on the model of Sankt-Petersburg and coming to a conclusion that there are developing the capital departmental institutions.

In this article we are talking about the initiative of merchants, who lived on Vasilievsky island in the capital in the second half of XIX - early XX century, aimed at the establishment of a charitable society at St. Andrew Orthodox Cathedral. Materials the articles were derived in the personal archive of Tatiana Sergeevna Blaszko (nee Pavlukhin) (St. Petersburg), the granddaughter of one of active participants of a charitable organization. All members of society were socially significant people, but nevertheless several times a week walked the land entrusted to them with the aim to interview most of the residents have suffered for far Vasilievsky island. Assistance provided firewood, money, educated the children, organized charity and shelter, held a charity evening, provided cheap housing, etc. The importance of merchants and public figures devoted to the education of children (they set up two of the shelter) and care of sick and frail old people (there was a women’s shelter etc.).

In the article reform of system of administrative-territorial division in the USSR in 1923-1930 is analyzed. The role of a district link in a control system of the region on the example of Central Black Earth Region, and value of elimination of districts for destiny of a regional link -mega-areas is defined.

The researchers in this study continue to consider the establishment and development of modern architectural science. We describe the historical background of the formation of the architectural periodicals. It noted the significant role of scientific societies in the development of periodicals in the field of architecture. The necessity of a comprehensive study of the issue in order to present an overall picture of architectural periodicals professional community. Denotes the importance of applying the bibliography as a significant tool of library and information science to represent the architectural science in modern conditions.

The article is devoted to conceptualization of a concept of “political expertise”, its analysis, the concept and entities of political expertise is analyzed, and connection of expert structures with adoption of political decisions of authorities is shown.

The article features activities of the higher party administration, heads of the country and Military Department in the mid. 1920’s, directions for reorganization of local bodies of military administration.

Evaluation criteria of efficiency of network communication has as its objective the elaboration of effective mechanisms aimed at overcoming the crisis of governability of state institutions and various destructive processes taking place in modern society. Despite the fact that the effectiveness of networking for a long time attracted the attention of political scientists, the concept of efficiency of managerial processes remains insufficiently developed in the theoretical problem. An important criterion of efficiency of political activity on the network is to achieve mutually acceptable to all actors of political decision (the desired specific, a positive result). In this case, the phenomenon of efficiency is the possibility of resource sharing, especially information and sustainable achievement of the main objectives of the system.

This article discusses the development of the forest industrial complex - one of the key sectors of the economy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam which, to a great extent, defines the status and outlook of the Vietnamese economy in general. Development of the forest industrial complex is discussed in the context of fundamental socioeconomic reforms being implemented in Vietnam. Among other things they are aimed to attain one of the key backbone goals, i.e. defining the optimum balance between the state regulation and the initiative of economic subjects. The author touches endogenic and endogenic factors of the Vietnamese forest industrial complex development, including the natural-and-geographic factor, ethno-cultural traditions in economic activities, attraction of foreign investments. The author emphasizes both the achievements in the process of reforming the Vietnamese economy and unattained goals.

In the work A. F. Izmaylov “The Word about Mikhail Dudin” based on a research new archival, scientific, references, memoirs of contemporaries, through destiny of the poet-veteran reveals the place and a role of the person in the history of Russia in the 40th - the 90th of the XX century