Article is devoted to actual problems of improvement of activity of public authorities, increases of their efficiency in modern conditions. In it the main content of activity of federal government bodies and need of increase of efficiency of functioning of the system of public administration directed on the solution of actual tasks, in particular, on creation of standard and legal base, improvement of the state personnel policy, including introduction of system of mentoring, increase of a role of modern administrative and organizational culture of the XXI century in public authorities reveals. In article proposals of the author on increase of system effectiveness of public administration in the conditions of global challenges and threats to security of mankind in the XXI century are presented and proved.

The article considers specifics of the protection for human rights in the legislation of South-East Asia, compares main stipulations in the constitutions of Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore. The authors also analyze constitutional and international legal issues of citizenship, differences in state guarantees for the protection of human and civil rights.

This article explores the problem addressing the political and legal rationale of the “humanitarian intervention”. The right to perform “humanitarian intervention” is to be derived from moral obligations, and presumed as a resume of the universally agreed prohibition of gross violations of human rights. That right was termed as a “responsibility to protect”, and confessed by the international community as a political obligation, which did not come in contradiction with the law, rather than as a “law” if nothing else.

The main purpose of this article is associated with an attempt of theoretical understanding of the role and place of openness of the authorities to improve the effectiveness of dialogue between authorities and society, with an attempt of the analysis of practical experience in the implementation of civil control of openness of municipalities in Saint-Petersburg for example, the study entitled “ The information transparency of municipalities in Saint-Petersburg” conducted by the nongovernmental organisation “The Observers of Saint-Petersburg” within the project “Civil Control of municipalities” in 2014.

Decision making in the system of representative government public administration as a collective choice. The analysis of the political influence of factions in representative bodies of the system of managerial decision-making using index Shapley - Subika and Banzhaf based on the formalism of simple cooperative games, in relation to the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad region.

Different regions of the world have a certain specificity of construction, operation and development of economic systems, which is determined by similar cultural, political, natural, historical, legal and other factors. Research interest is the identification of the specifics in the Subregion. Object of study authors are regional characteristics of the economies of the former Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which were formed largely under the influence of the same, common to them, the history of development of the single national economic complex of the Soviet Union. The subject of the study are the structural features of employment in the economies of the CIS countries and their impact on other characteristics of the economic systems of these countries. As the input data used for the analysis of long time series of macroeconomic indicators, available at the time of the survey, in 24 years: from 1990 to 2013. Investigated and compared, using the author’s methodology, the data on GDP, employment, investment and savings. On the basis of the selected dependencies, directly reflecting the performance of the national economy, the central place among which allocated the type of employment (flexible and rigid, the latter, in turn, classified into direct and inverse), explores trends in the economic development of the countries of the CIS region. As a result, proposed classification of these countries, based on comparative analysis of the characteristics of their economies. The classification is based on a number of interdependencies: type of employment and productivity; dynamics of GDP, investment and savings; the ratio of investment and savings. The results can be used in the development and implementation of public policy by governments in the CIS region.

Modern socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions predicts changesof characteristics of the professional activity, including - managerial activity. It acquires a new features, differs significantly from its own classical forms. The paper characterizes a non-classical of managerial activities that necessitate revision of the concepts of managerialcapacity of human resources. Author offers to consider the typology of the managerial capacity of the paper characterizes a non-classical of managerial activities that necessitate revision of the concepts of organizational staff managerial capacity as the methodological basis of appropriate technologies of personnel management.

Export of hi-tech and some other large enterprises, and also small and medium-sized enterprises is supported at the regional level in the Russian Federation. As regards to small and medium sized enterprises co-financing from the federal budget makes 50-80%. There is a standard tool kit of export help for SME which can be expanded at subnational level. Export support program of the Leningrad and Rostovregionas well as programs for SME havea form of export subsidy from WTO point of view.

The article is devote to description of business-model of project of create of network of farm-products stores in Saint-Petersburg, which assortment is formed through the use of effective inter-regional logistic chains. The social significance of Interregional Cooperation on the Market of Ecofoods determines the choice of the business-niche. The authors pays attention to the peculiarities of the environment development project: diversity of climatic conditions for agriculture in different regions; the importance of high-quality ecofood for citizens; on the difficulty of the organization logistics of ecoproducts. The created author scheme of the business-model involves managerial actions, which aimed to solving these problems. The authors presents the various components of the business model: explains the specifics of the value chain; describes the target audience based on empirical data. Based on a strategic analysis of the project environment characterizes. Describes the technical and resource support of various phases of the project, demonstrating the ability to save resources and reduce the cost of the final product.

The article considers different approaches to the identification of the sources of income and the management of processes of formation of profit in industrial organizations, an important place is given to the issues of control over costs.

The article presents the results of sociological research of the dynamics of the positions of youth during 2012- 2014 on the preferences given to it by various forms of carrying out leisure.

Analysis of juvenile justice in the West shows that this system significantly expands the law court and social services while limiting the rights of parents. Social services can invade any family and formal criteria to take the child. The Central ideological category governing relations between parents and children is the priority of the rights of children above the rights of parents. Based on the analysis of the views of foreign and Russian experts on the subject showing the risks and threats of the introduction of a juvenile justice system in Russia, the negative effects of removal of children from families.

The article is devoted to opportunities for women to make a successful career and overcome gender inequality in the economic field by dint of social entrepreneurship. The gender segregation in labor market is generated, including the cultural restrictions forming idea of work “relevant” for men and women. Business and entrepreneurship around the world are “man’s” spheres. At the same time in modern Russia demographic and social problems aggravate the necessity of getting women of an individual, independent source of income. It’s women with their emotional orientation to the client, care and the responsible relation get advantage before men in realization of the main objectives of social business. For men social business more often is a hobby in which they are engaged in an after-life, having made successful career in the first half. For women it is the way of finding the independence, including in governance of own life and career. The main difference of this type of business consists in commitment to the solution of significant social problems, maximizing public usefulness using the techniques of the traditional commercial organizations. At the same time existence in social business highlighting social component gives the opportunity to combine a gender stereotype about the most social orientation of women (the woman as the keeper of a fireside caring of «nearest and dearest») and demand of modern women for self-ful-fillment in the extrafamilial sphere and finding thereby of an independent and remarkable source of the income.

The contradiction existing now between the growing requirements to quality of vocational training and retraining of public servants and opportunities of the higher school presses the permission. Modern educational process at the higher school is in a strip of prompt changes. Introduction of information and communicative technologies in the Russian universities and institutes, and, in particular, in system of educational institutions of the Russian academy of national economy and public service, raised a question not only of readiness of material base, but also of ability and opportunities of the faculty and students (listeners) to perceive new approaches. Improvement of a control system of independent work on the basis of broad application of new information and communicative technologies by means of which it is possible to raise professional standard of public servants considerably can become one of ways of permission of this contradiction. For the solution of this task in article a number of questions is considered: what organizational and pedagogical and didactic conditions of application of new information technologies of training (including technologies of distance learning) in independent work of students and listeners, what possibilities of their effective use at independent studying of historical disciplines, what pedagogical technologies it is necessary to be the basis for intellectually developing computer test tasks and interactive computer textbooks on disciplines “National history” and “History of public administration in Russia”? Effective use of potential of individual-based and logiko-information approaches in pedagogics of the higher school, as shown in article, it is necessary to consider as the “catalyst” capable to initiate dynamic development of sociocultural processes in education of public servants.

The urgent need to manage conflict processes effectively in the commercial organizations and government institutions means high demand of the practically focused researches in the sphere of conflict management. Applied activities of managing conflict processes in modern Russia are considered as actual practically everywhere - both in public administration and business, but thus many methodological aspects demand specification and concretization. It should be noted that the heuristic resource created within conflict management doesn’t allow transition to strategic thinking in management of conflict processes. Thus strategic planning in the sphere of public administration has to consider dynamically changing format of internal political and international calls which the Russian State in the XXI century has faced. Author offers to use possibilities scientific-theoretical, and practical point of view it is absolutely necessary to investigate possibilities of new methodological basis of managing conflict processes of epistemological approach for adaptation of the conflict theory to corresponding practices in the field of strategic management.

The article deals the problem of the city as a cultural phenomenon of the twentieth century. In particular, it explores the concept of the German philosopher Oswald Spengler, who in his book «The Decline of Europe», formulated the theory of local cultures, he laid the foundations for a new understanding of the city as a socio-cultural organism, introduced the concept of «the soul of culture», «soul of the city», reflected in innovation research of the Russian historian and ethnographer N. P. Antsiferov.

Article is devoted to the Russian-American relations in the context of disarmament policy, in particular, on reduction of nuclear arsenals of the parties. The author carries out the analysis of the main treaties from the point of view of real nuclear parity of Russia and the USA. Article opens the main problems in policy of disarmament, in particular, a problem of placement of the American system of antimissile defense in countries of Eastern Europe. The author gives expert estimates of efficiency of future missile defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic.

The article covers the negotiation process between USSR, USA and UK representatives during Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta (Crimean) conferences. The decisions made on these conferences led to the establishment of the core element of the post-war international system - the United Nations Organization. The road towards its establishment was a very difficult one. The issue on the future Security Council voting procedure indisputable cases, along with the issue on the initial UN members, notably, the participation of the USSR republics as separate UN members are covered in this article. The basis of the present UN lies in Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta conferences, as well as the roots of its strengths and weaknesses. Nowadays, the problem of UN structures urgent reform, including Security Council reform is on the world’s agenda. In such situation, a clear comprehension of the historical background of the UN structures formation is essential. Without the reform, the UN can not ensure the effectiveness of its structures in modern context.

Nowadays, virtual organizations like traditional organizations are full participants in economic processes and play an important role in the life of society, including the sphere of public administration. For stabilized operation and interaction of the virtual organization with various target groups it must not only ensure the coordinated working process and produce goods of high quality (or services), but it also should have appropriate reputation, guaranteeing that the organization is reliable.

In the work of A. F. Izmailov “The city as the person and the person, as the city” on the basis of research new archival, scientific, references, memoirs of contem-poraries, through destinies of people reveals a place and a role of the person in the history of development of St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad