The topicality of the topic is connected with the growing role of culture in the state administration of Russia. According to the forecast of the long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030, culture is a priority area of state support to ensure the maximum possible access of citizens to cultural values and education in the sphere culture, as well as the preservation of works of culture and art. Museums, as objects of storage and demonstration of cultural values, are an integral part of cultural policy. The state policy in the museum area consists of financial support, provision of professional staff, improvement of the legal and regulatory framework, coordination of the activities of federal and regional authorities in relation to museums. Museums are a complex and specific area of public policy and governance, as each institution has different values in importance, different possibilities of self-financing. Therefore, it is impossible to apply the same criteria to all state museums that determine its effectiveness. The article examines the main models of state cultural and museum policy in the field of protection, disposal and use of cultural monuments, reveals the specifics of the legislative framework and organizational and economic support. The conclusions are drawn that the combination of centralized and decentralized management of the museum sphere, the elimination of the contradictions of the legal and legal framework in the museum and cultural sphere, the creation of a mutually beneficial mechanism of public-private partnerships will provide the most effective model of cultural and museum policy for the protection of cultural monuments.
EDITOR'S COLUMN
STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICE
POLICY AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATE
Aims: identification of the political and legal conditions of the normative and organizational plan, fixing the possibilities and limits of enhancing the participation of civil society institutions in achieving the goals of the state national policy of the Russian Federation and in promoting the process of nation-building in the context of the guidelines declared by the authorities.
Methods: unformalized traditional analysis of documents, formal legal method, methods of political diagnostics, comparative and system analysis.
Results and discussion: the content and structure of the communication system of the state and civil society institutions (with an emphasis on national and cultural autonomy) at the Federal and regional levels are characterized. The experience of the republics — subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Volga Federal district is investigated, its features taking into account the ethnopolitical factor are shown.
Conclusion: National-cultural public associations play at the present stage an indispensable role in the formation and development of ethno-cultural and all-Russian civil identities. However, only national-cultural autonomies, whose opportunities for political influence are extremely limited, are actually built into the normative communication system. The identified gaps and vulnerabilities at the national level encourage the improvement of management practices. It is necessary to intensify information and educational work in terms of updating the content of official websites and wider coverage of the activities of state bodies, public associations and Advisory councils. This will make it possible to strengthen the publicity, transparency and attractiveness of management decisions for citizens, national minorities, titular Nations and diasporas, the activities carried out and ensure the achievement of not only formal but also qualitative target indicators.
POWER AND ECONOMICS
The article is devoted to the state and development of language policy at the regional level. Taking into account the federal structure of the country and a high degree of language and ethnic diversity in the Russian regions there are significant differences in the organizational and substantive aspects of language policy, key principles and directions which are formulated at the federal level.
The paper presents the methodological basis and practical implementation of the rating assessment of the activities of the authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation to preserve and support the native languages of the nations of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to develop and test a system of indicators characterizing the level of regional language policy. The key research methods were analysis, comparison, standardization, ranking.
On the purposes of the study, analytical indicators were identified, which are available in the public domain on the official websites of state bodies and a number of other structures. Indicators are characterized by both quantitative and qualitative assessment. In terms of content, they were divided into 4 thematic clusters: tools for the implementation of state national policy in the region, including support, preservation and study of native languages of the nations of the Russian Federation; preservation and study of native languages in the field of education and science; preservation and study of native languages in the field of culture and art; preservation and study of native languages in the mass media.
Due to significant differences between the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of language diversity, they were divided into 4 groups, which values of individual indicators, as well as the integral index and sub-indices were studied. In order to ensure data comparability, the procedure of data standardization is proposed in the methodology. As a result of the study, the assessment of individual indicators was carried out and the ranking of the subjects of the Russian Federation within each classification group was carried out according to the level of development of regional language policy. As a result, the leading regions (the Republic of Tatarstan, KhantyMansi Autonomous Area — Ugra, Ulyanovsk region) were identified, which can be considered benchmarks for other subjects of the Russian Federation of the corresponding classification group.
Processes of digitalization of national economies are closely connected with new industrial revolution which essentially changes production models, valuable installations and examples of behavior of people.
The basis of industrial revolution and digital transformation is formed by the advanced industrial technologies: industrial Internet of prophetic (IIoT), additive technologies, big data, robotics, technology of “digital double”, blockchain and others and also new materials (composites, metal powders, polymers, metal alloys).
Technological leaders in different branches of world economy are the USA, Germany, Japan, Singapore and China now. In Russia many breakthrough technologies are also approved, however their introduction has dot character so far. One of the factors constraining their more dynamic use is the lack of competences in digitalization of economy at heads and specialists of many industrial companies. In this regard the problem of formation of new models of competences of managers at all levels of management is relevant.
SOCIETY AND REFORMS
A purpose of the article is to analyse the correlation between congratulations on the occasion of two holidays that construct the political myth of contemporary Russia: Orthodox Easter (as the most popular religious holiday) and Victory Day (as the most significant civil secular holiday). As an object for the analysis were chosen diverse media of state, municipal and political subjects of St. Petersburg as one of the largest and most important cities of the Russian Federation with a strong interfaith dialogue tradition. In Max Weber’s classification, a congratulation is considered to be a value-rational social action, whose aim is to legitimise social events.
For the research, the qualitative content analysis approach was used. Its object is media publications of the official authorities published at the period from 20.04.2019 to 20.05.2019 and dedicated to the celebration of the Orthodox Easter or the Victory Day. The total sample consisted of 343 sources. As a result of the study, it was found out that in 2019 by means of media political, municipal and state subjects were inclined to congratulate the audience with a secular holiday (Victory Day, a celebration of which is presented in all the analysed political subjects that have media), however, both holidays are of paramount importance in the media space. This situation can be interpreted in terms of the broader scope and consolidating potential of the Victory Day holiday, which is based on a significance close to representatives of all religions and confessions of Russia, as well as the grandeur of the great Patriotic war itself, which affected almost all residents of the former USSR, and, as a consequence, is perceived by modern citizens closer than a Church holiday.
A LINEA
The development of the geriatric services market has a significant effect on the quality of life, which improvement is one of the main state objectives in the world. According to the Global Pension Rating 2018, which reflects the comfort of retirement, Russia takes 38th place out of 43. In Russia high quality geriatric services are virtually absent, the eldercare networks are underdeveloped and mainly concentrated in major regions. The problem is complicated by the lack of a unified system of care for older people, as the functions of care are dispersed between various centers of medical care, social and other institutions.
Modern scientists have started exploring eldercare problems relatively recently, and therefore this topic has been little studied and requires more attention. At the same time, foreign countries have achieved great success in this field. Various organizations aimed at preventing inequalities in the accessibility of social services to the elderly as well as organizations that fight against violence towards elderly were created. Different forums are held, legal issues at various levels are settled, scientific institutions are developed.
The article analyzes the international experience of geriatric services provision in order to provide aims and objectives for strategic development of this market in Russia. The article covers the experience of Denmark, Spain, USA, Finland, Switzerland, Sweden and Japan. These countries have certain features that can be partially used in the Russian practice. In the course of the work key aspects with practical relevance for Russia were identified. They are innovation and the adoption of new technologies in gerontology, active engagement of government with private sector, creation of a regulatory framework for attracting investments to the market. At the same time, we should not forget about the specific socioeconomic and political Russian peculiarities, which would affect implementation of the above-mentioned aspects.
It is vital for Russia to develop an adequate geriatric services market development strategy that will consider world’s best practices and national specifics. It shall take into account successful foreign experience, including state support for the creation and functioning of eldercare facilities, training of personnel, and the formation of a respectful attitude to old age culture. Such strategy will make both systemic improvements in the quality and of living and expectancy of life and will help to adapt to structural changes in the labor market in the future.
SCIENTIFIC LIFE
ISSN 1816-8590 (Online)