EDITOR'S COLUMN
STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICE
Geopolitical studies differ from many others in the social sciences in that the seemingly studied issues and topics must be addressed repeatedly. Russia, as an object of geopolitical research, is already a tradition, but the external conditions are changing. The era of globalization, rapid as a flood water in Siberia, is over. Trends of protectionism and regionalization are increasing. In these circumstances, traditional perceptions, established and seemingly stayed over the years, require reassessment. It is obvious that Russia is an independent player in the global Eurasian space. But what should be the pattern of behavior, what should be the extent of our foreign economic and foreign policy openness, considering new developments in the global world? An attempt to answer these questions is made in the proposed article.
POLICY AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATE
In article comparison of the idea of the digital state understood as the platform on which the system of services, with understanding of the state in the Russian cultural tradition is created is carried out. It is believed that an adequate reflection at the philosophical level of this tradition is represented in the works of Russian thinkers who argued that the task of state power should be to assert the spiritual unity of the people, and that the solution of this task implies mutual recognition of the spiritual dignity of the power and the person before it. In article the attention to need to avoid “digital euphoria” and importance of constant statement of the decisions made on the basis of “good” technologies before court of those values with which the spiritual dignity of the person is connected is paid.
POWER AND ECONOMICS
Digital transformation affects almost all areas of government management, including public procurement. World experience shows that the procurement sector acts as a driver of digital transformation of corporations. According to the authors, digitalization of public procurement should not be an end in itself, a balanced approach is needed to make the contract system more open, accountable to citizens, convenient for business, cost-effective and anti-corruption. Currently, there have been significant changes in the public procurement system in the direction of its electronicization, electronic platforms, electronic stores for small purchases have appeared, all competitive procurement methods have switched to electronic format. The next stage in the development of the contract system is digitalization due to the transition to smart technologies, including blockchain, smart contracts, cloud services, artificial intelligence, bigdata. The purpose of this article is to show how digital technologies, including those successfully used in corporate procurement, will help move to state “procurement 4.0” and lead to the formation of an intellectual contract system, including eliminating the influence of the subjective “human” factor as much as possible, by transferring the collateral function making managerial decisions to artificial intelligence.
The tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing and promising sectors of the global economy, but currently the tourism industry contributes less than 3.5% to Russia’s GDP, which cannot be recognized as corresponding to the huge tourist and recreational potential. The “Strategy for the Development of Tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035” formulates the tasks of increasing the efficiency of functioning. The importance of the tasks actualizes the study of all scientific and applied aspects of the development of gions of the Russian Federation, one of the key elements of which is the tourist and recreational potential. The article considers the management of tourist and recreational activities in the context of the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation. The results of studying world experience in the field of tourism are presented and the possibilities of using best practices in Russia are investigated. The mechanism of integration of tourist and recreational zones of the country into a single economic system is substantiated and a model of a virtual tourist and recreational cluster is proposed. The possibilities of implementing public-private partnership projects as a source of financing the tourism industry on the example of Arctic tourism are considered. The directions of development of the tourism industry through the implementation of the socio-economic potential of the regions of Russia are formulated.
This article is about problems of providing state services by customs authorities for maintaining a unified customs register of intellectual property in electronic form. The purpose: to highlight the features of customs services provided to participants in foreign economic activity and to consider the main opportunities for maintaining a customs register of intellectual property in electronic form. Materials and methods: theoretical foundations of public services provided by customs authorities, the current customs legislation of the EAEU and national legislation regarding the inclusion of intellectual property in the customs registry, system analysis. The results: Using the synthesis method, outstanding unresolved issues are noted in terms of the provision of customs services for maintaining the customs register of intellectual property in electronic form. Conclusion: substantiated the main areas of improvement in the procedure for maintaining the customs register of intellectual property in electronic form.
Theoretical aspects of noncommercial concession use are considered in the article. It will allow to increase significantly efficiency of regional and local governing bodies interaction, and therefore the standard of living of municipalities population. The emphasis is placed on regulation of the noncommercial concession relations by the contract, determined by the regional law, and also other elements of the mechanism of noncommercial concession use for regional development. The main components of noncommercial concession contracts are considered, priority attention is paid to the new rights and obligations of the parties, arising in connection with the conclusion of the relevant contracts and reflecting novelty of this regions development instrument. The complete mechanism of noncommercial concession use for acceleration of social and economic development of municipalities and regions allows to carry out complex impact on basic spheres of the population`s activity for significant improvement of the situation. Use of noncommercial concession in the region is resulted by alignment of social and economic development of municipalities, granting to citizens jobs, goods and services in the place of residence, that allows to lower a population overflow, solving thereby problems of critical decrease in population of some territories and overpopulation of others. Noncommercial concession is the universal instrument of regional development and can be applied, after approbation on the basis of one or several regions, in all regions of the Russian Federation.
The international trade today is complex and multidimensional. The unambiguous identification of objects in international trade allows us to solve a large number of questions on the regulation and control of the movement of goods, to apply a wide range of measures in a globalizing world economy. The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of the World Customs Organization (HS) is a recognized tool for classifying and coding goods in the international trade. The Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Eurasian Economic Union (CN FEA EAEU), based on the HS, is applied in the territory of the EAEU member countries in accordance with the agreement on the EAEU. The CN FEA EAEU fully incorporates the Russian-language version of the HS, as an integral part within the six-digit code. In connection with the linguistic features of the CN FEA EAEU does not fully coincide with the original source in terms of translation. The article presents the results of a study on the comparability of the interpretation of the texts of HS implemented in the CN FEA EAEU. An analysis of the uniformity of the interpretation and the usage of these texts is necessary to provide the regulation of the international trade. The work revealed discrepancies in the interpretation of texts of a number of commodity items. Particular attention is paid to the study of the texts of commodity subheadings containing expansion structures related to similar products used for different purposes. A number of contradictions in the interpretation and understanding of certain terms of the HS, which are widely used in the CN FEA EAEU, have been investigated. The problems of using the conceptual apparatus are revealed by the example of the analysis of the terms “furniture” and “coachwork”. Using the example of fittings, a detailed analysis of the definitions for the classification of parts and accessories of complex technical goods was carried out. In order to establish a uniform application and interpretation of the contents of the subheadings of the CN FEA EAEU it is necessary to provide the compliance with the structural features of a number of texts of commodity positions of the HS. The absence of a unified approach to the translation of texts of commodity items in the CN FEA EAEU having the same structure in the HS has been proved. The results of the study are significant as a basis for ensuring the regulation of the international trade.
SOCIETY AND REFORMS
Operational management in journalism is a managerial activity in which we deals with the development, use and improvement of various approaches and methods to create a media product. Today the latest computer technologies penetrate into editorial practice, so as it became possible to say about robotize journalistic work. Modern technologies reduce many routine operations, and also to provide journalists new opportunities in the search for information, its processing and analysis. So, technological innovations is changing the nature of the preparation of media products in many editorial teams, and also the style of information management processes. In this article we tried to demonstrate the possibilities of process management in the creation and implementation of media products.
The article assesses the systemic risks of regional secondary vocational education in terms of its sustainability and balance. In addition, attention is focused on the situation in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.
In today’s rapidly changing world, there is increased mobility of individuals and groups, which leads to an increase in density and an increase in the number of inter-ethnic interactions. The problem of reducing the conflict potential of these interactions comes to the fore. Through the use of the categories “Alien,” Other, “the article illustrates the current situation of inter-ethnic relations, allowing to understand the modern challenges related to them. The article considers and analyses a public opinion poll, and considers a questionnaire aimed at reconstructing a certain deterministic picture of the world. The survey was conducted in secondary and higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region within the framework of the program of research and advanced training of teachers “Harmonization of inter-ethnic relations and prevention of extremist manifestations in the educational sphere and youth.” With the help of methods of discursive analysis, linguistic expertise, sociological and philosophical critical thinking, possible options of interpretation of both questions and answers of respondents, which follow logic and policy of survey, incorporating the proposed vision and patterns of behavior, are considered. The questionnaire implicitly reconstructs the picture of the world, limited by the concept of “nationalism.” It is shown that tolerance is possible as a consequence of understanding the subjectivity and differences of the migrant and the Other, Alien.
HISTORY AND CULTURE
The goal is to identify and review the main features of the people’s war strategy developed by Mao Zedong using the legacy of traditional Chinese philosophical and political culture to defeat the Japanese regular troops and take power in the country by the Communist Party of China.
Research methods include components of military-historical, historical-logical, political science and sociological analysis.
Results. The main strategic principles of Mao, which helped the Chinese Communists not only to win the civil war, but also to expel the troops of the Japanese regular army, are revealed. Mao developed a hybrid strategy that included elements of guerrilla warfare. The basic principle of guerrilla operations was the suddenness with which it is possible to increase a slight power advantage over the guerrillas by the Japanese. Mao considered the driving force of the Chinese revolution to be the multi-million-strong peasantry, whose mentality he knew and used well. Only respect for and concern for the peasantry could, in Mao’s opinion, benefit the future revolution. Mao wrote in detail and convincingly about the essence, components and merits of his strategy, which was based on the works of military leaders and masters of war of the past years, including the provisions of Confucianism and the treatise “Thirty-six stratagems”, and had a clear political goal. The main principle of the strategy Mao believed the maximum possible preservation of their forces and the destruction of enemy forces.
Conclusions. The history of the Chinese revolution confirmed the correctness of the main strategic principles developed by Mao. Mao not only developed a brilliant hybrid strategy that combines the three strategies of Subversion, enemy depletion, and destruction into a single strategy of protracted people’s war, but also demonstrated how these strategies can be used in conjunction with the actions of the regular army. The combined efforts of the Communists to indoctrinate the masses far from politics led to civil-military cooperation. The people not only supported the liberation war under the leadership of the CCP, but were also prepared to further accept the ideas of the Communist ideology and the rules of the political game. The history of the revolutionary movement in the twentieth century showed the correctness of many of Mao Zedong’s strategic ideas, which were used in the theory and practice of the national liberation war in various parts of the world.
A LINEA
The introductory paragraphs of the article consider the historical approach to how important the black sea and Crimea are in geopolitical terms, which became more important after the eighteenth century. In addition, the main issue that was studied in the article; the Maritime geopolitics of the black sea and Crimean peninsulas in accordance with the new situation that arose as a result of the annexation of Crimea to Russia after the referendum, as well as the state of Turkey’s energy needs and how the issue of energy security will be resolved in the future. Although Turkey has two important waterways, such as the Straits of Istanbul and the Dardanelles, it has been appreciated why it cannot turn this superiority into some kind of advantage. The data used in the article is usually based on official reports published by government agencies. The point from which mutual trade relations between Turkey and Russia originate, through gas pipelines, and the benefits and harms of the situation are discussed. Both in the Black sea and partly in the Eastern Mediterranean, gas exploration operations are underway; their reflection in Turkish foreign policy has been deconstructed. Questions such as how much natural gas Turkey needs per year and which countries import gas that needs it were discussed with the data.
SCIENTIFIC LIFE
Freedom of speech is a necessary norm in the constitutional legislation of any democratic state. The authors of the monograph under review demonstrate the negative impact of propaganda and censorship on the trust of democratic state citizens towards the media content and consistently criticize legislative norms and administrative decisions of the political class that promote unjustified restrictions on freedom of speech. The study shows how freedom of speech implementation depends on a set of political circumstances and explain why it has a significant impact on the rule of law in the information space of the world community.
ISSN 1816-8590 (Online)