POLICY AND CONSTITUTIONAL STATE
The objective of the paper is to evaluate the status and trends of citizen interactions with regulatory enforcement and inspection bodies in the framework of inspection reform.
The key method used was a representative sociological survey conducted in 35 Russian regions in March 2020. The survey allowed for collecting citizen evaluations on personal experience related to facing 10 major risks to public values (in the areas of personal safety from crime, food and non-food product safety, fire and technical safety of buildings and constructions, environmental safety, risks related to medical services and drugs, transport safety, risks related to financial services and misuse of personal data).
The results demonstrate that some 49.5 percent of Russian citizens have faced the need to protect themselves from the above risks for the past 2 years. Out of them, 44.9 percent of respondents applied for protection to regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities. Only 44.2 percent of respondents that had applied to regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities for protection of public values fully attained their objectives (i.e. managed to prevent the threat or have violations eliminated and the damage reimbursed).
Comparing these results to those obtained from the previous surveys demonstrates that implementation of the inspection reform has not yet made any significant effect on improving the quality of interaction between citizen and regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities. To improve the quality of such interactions special measures should be undertaken for improving the use of feedback mechanisms for planning inspection activities. Responses to citizen applications should be controlled not only in terms of timeliness but also in terms of substance. Timely review and reaction to citizen applications as well as more involvement in damage reimbursement processes on the part of regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities are also recommended. Broader use of digital technologies for interactions between citizen and regulatory enforcement and inspection authorities could also help improve the quality of these interactions and contribute to increasing the public trust to these authorities.
POWER AND ECONOMICS
The article states that in our country considerable experience has been gained in forecasting and planning work, the formation of which is based on certain methodological approaches that undergo transformation at different historical stages. The purpose of the article is to assess the features of the development of the forecasting and planning methodology of the domestic national economy in various historical periods of time.
Based on the analysis of historical facts, the author’s expert assessment and graphic modeling techniques, a cyclic model and a map for assessing the predictive development potential of the forecasting and planning methodology of the domestic national economy are developed, which differs by identifying the stages in the development of forecasted and planned work depending on the nature of the obligatory execution, the depth of the impact of forecasts and plans for economic development, resource methods, predictability of the future.
The results of the study can be applied in the activities of government to improve the quality of forecasting and planning work, to determine the turning points of phase shifts in the development of the forecasting and planning methodology.
Lending is one of the factors in the development of small and medium-sized businesses. In recent years, the Russian state has made serious efforts to increase the availability of borrowed funds for business and uses the lending market as a tool to accelerate economic growth. The work shows that the same mechanism works as one of the most rapid and effective in the implementation of anti-crisis policies, which can be observed, including during the 2020 pandemic.
The purpose of the study is to identify the features and problems of the modern stage of the development of the lending market for small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. The article considers two levels of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses: federal and regional. Today they are represented by different institutions that complement each other. However, despite large-scale state programs to stimulate lending, the share of small and medium-sized enterprises using borrowed funds remains low and insufficient for the active development of this sector of the economy.
The study used expert and statistical analysis, the information base for the study was statistics from the Bank of Russia, the Federal Tax Service, legislation in the field of entrepreneurship, data from executive authorities, analytical reports from the Bank of Russia, the Accounts Chamber of Russia, and the Expert RA rating agency
The article is devoted to consideration of two directions of state economic policy — maintaining economic stability and ensuring economic growth. The coronavirus pandemic has divided the world into “before and after”. In the previous period, the financial policy in Russia was based on the principle of macroeconomic stability. It would seem that the macroeconomic stability that has existed for several years has created the basis for economic growth in the country, but it has not been possible to realize the growth potential of the Russian economy. Economic stability is an important criterion for the economy. Only economic stability can be different.
The economic stability of the Russian economy in the previous period is the economic stability of stagnation, because the cornerstone of the economic stabilization policy was maintaining a low inflation rate by artificially slowing down demand. N ow this economic stability of stagnation was overturned by the coronavirus epidemic due to a decrease in budget revenues and an increase in budget spending, which results in the threat of inflation.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity and possibility of transition to a new form of economic stability — economic growth stability
SOCIETY AND REFORMS
It is proposed to justify the applicability of indicators of state confidence in civil society, that is, the state’s faith in the loyalty of society to it and in the ability to maintain its own legitimacy. The first indicator is the legalization of cryptocurrency, the second is the creation of a state cryptocurrency.
There is a direct connection between the degree of legalization of cryptocurrency and the level of state confidence in the loyalty of society to it. The creation of state national cryptocurrency is a signal of a drop in state confidence in its own legitimacy.
The latest technologies for climate change mitigation are carbon capture and storage (CCS). Some countries are developing CCS projects, and they are currently at different stages of deployment. Despite the signing of international agreements on climate change mitigation, Russia does not ensure the development of CCS technologies and their implementation. Given the long-term development of such technologies, its main goal is to raise public awareness of carbon capture, storage and use.
Currently, the problem of creating public awareness about CCS technologies has gained a huge momentum in the Russian Federation. A high level of awareness and approval of such projects will encourage the deployment of CCS projects in the Russian Federation.
The purpose of this article is to study the level of awareness of the Russian society regarding CCS technologies, as well as to develop a multi-level complex system of measures to ensure that such awareness is raised in the near future.
To achieve this goal, we used such methods as research of secondary and primary sources of information on this topic. In addition to analyzing the information of scientific publications on the subject under study, both secondary (content analysis of printed media materials, video hosting, social networks) and primary research (personal survey, experiment) were conducted.
As the most important results, we can highlight the obtained structure of popularity of environmental information sources among students of two universities in Saint Petersburg. In addition, it has been proved that currently in the Russian Federation, insufficient attention is paid to the popularization of carbon sequestration technologies. the analysis of the dissemination of information about CCS technologies in social networks, school textbooks, Newspapers, and video hosting services was carried out. Content analysis of existing social groups and videos in social networks is presented.
Objective. To study the features of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services in order to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services.
Results. Based on the theoretical bases and scientific methods of research, the essence of public-private partnership (hereinafter — PPP) as a special type of relationship between public and private sectors; the practice of application of mechanisms of state-private partnership in the sphere of housing and communal services on the example system of centralized water supply «Ladozhskiy vodovod Vsevolozhskogo munitsipal’nogo rayona Leningradskoy oblasti». Problems were identified and recommendations were made in five main areas related to the development of PPP projects in the field of housing and communal services.
Conclusions. First, PPP is a unique type of relationship between the state and business, which allows meeting the needs of both public and private entities. Differences in the composition of obligations and functions, as well as the rights (entitlements) of the subjects of the agreement form different types of forms and mechanisms (types and schemes), as well as a number of models of public-private partnership.
Secondly, the popularity of PPPs in a particular country depends on the models of interaction between the state and private investors and on the strictness of legislation.
Third, on the example of a real Concession, five universal recommendations (bases) for the development of public-private partnership mechanisms in the sphere of housing and communal services were proposed: organizational component, financial instrument, risks, choice of PPP model and legal framework.
HISTORY AND CULTURE
STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICE
The formation of documents for strategic planning of socio-economic development is the most important task of regional and municipal governments. It can be stated that strategic planning processes have been launched throughout the country and the process of forming these documents is active at both the regional and municipal levels. However, the issues of determining, studying, and taking into account the views of interested parties when forming the goals and priorities of socio-economic development of administrative-territorial entities require methodological support and recommendations for practical implementation. In this article, an attempt is made to reveal methodological approaches and solve issues of practical implementation of identifying the interests of stakeholders on the example of a specific municipality.
The proposed material is an example of determining and scientifically substantiating the strategic priorities of a municipality on identifying the interests of stakeholders.
The study of the processes of formation and determination of strategic priorities for the development of a municipality based on the identification of the interests of all interested parties should become the task of further research.
EDITOR'S COLUMN
ISSN 1816-8590 (Online)